Inffi 1, Swine diarrhea

Question 1

Edema disease

Answer 1

Disease of weaner and grower pigs, caused by e.coli. Fecal-oral route.
4-12 week weaners.

Ataxia/incoordination of the hind limbs, falling - earliest and most obvious sign!
Edema of eyelids and conjunctiva, face.

Occurs within 1 week after the change of diet, weaning, vaccination, regrouping.

Does NOT spread to other pens in the same farm

Possible death in 6-36h, no treatment because the toxins are already in bloodstream.

Question 2

Post mortem findings of edema disease

Answer 2

Facial edema

Full stomach

Mesenteric edema

Question 3

Post weaning diarrhea (PWD)

Answer 3

A disease of post-weaning period, caused by e.coli. Fecal-oral route.
3-10 days after weaning.

Sudden death of 1 or 2 pigs in good condition.
Severe diarrhea (watery and yellow), fever, dehydration, anorexia, weight loss.
Death in few days.

DOES spread to other pens in the same farm (within a short period)

AB treatment, electrolytes.

Question 4

Post-mortem findings of post weaning diarrhea

Answer 4

Dehydration

Serofibrinous peritonitis

Fluid-filled intestines

Mesenteric edema

Question 5

Swine dysentery

Answer 5

A disease of growing pigs (7-16 w old), caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Fecal-oral route.

Depression
Loss of appetite
Moderate fever
MUCOHEMORRAGIC DIARRHEA

Death possible due dehydration and toxemia.
Recovery in 3-4 weeks if not treated.

Spread within group slow, may spread to other pens.

Tends to be persistent in herds, cyclic occurrence.

AB-treatment

Question 6

Post mortem findings of swine dysentery

Answer 6

Weight loss, dehydration

Colitis and typhlitis

Question 7

Porcine colonic spirochetosis

Answer 7

Caused by B. pilosicoli, pigs 4-12 week of age, typically 7-14 d after weaning.

Reminds of swine dysentery, but diarrhea is mucoid and non-bloody, reduced feed conversion, depression and reduced growth rate.

Question 8

Porcine proliferative enteritis

Answer 8

An enteric disease of growing-finishing pigs and young breeding pigs, commonly 12-20 w old growing pigs.
Caused by Lawsonia intracellularis, fecal-oral transmission.

Reduction in growth rate, fever, weight loss, DIARRHEA.
In PHE also: BLOODY DIARRHEA, DEATH (in 1-2d).

Host range includes pigs, horses, sheep, dogs, emus and ostriches.

Sporadic disease all year around, self-limiting (~10w).

AB treatment, vaccination.

Question 9

4 forms of porcine proliferative enteritis

Answer 9

Porcine intestinal adenomatosis (PIA)

Porcine hemorrhagic enteritis (PHE)

Necrotic enteritis (NE)

Subclinical ileitis

Question 10

Which ones of the 4 forms of porcine proliferative enteritis are most common?

Answer 10

Necrotic enteritis and subclinical ileitis

Question 11

Which one of the 4 forms of porcine proliferative enteritis causes dark-red or black diarrhea?

Answer 11

Porcine hemorrhagic enteritis

Question 12

In which one of the 4 forms of porcine proliferative enteritis the ileal wall is thickened in necropsy?

Answer 12

Porcine intestinal adenomatosis

Question 13

In which one of the 4 forms of porcine proliferative enteritis there’s blood clots in lumen of ileum?

Answer 13

Porcine hemorrhagic enteritis

Question 14

In which ones of the 4 forms of porcine proliferative enteritis the mortality is increased?

Answer 14

Porcine hemorrhagic enteritis and necrotic enteritis

Question 15

3 coronaviruses affecting pigs

Answer 15

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED)

Hemagglutinatin encephalomyelitis virus disease

Question 16

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)

Answer 16

A highly contagious disease of pigs at any age caused by coronavirus (TGEV). Oral or aerosol trasmission.

Pigs are the main host, but temporary biological reservoirs are cats, dogs, foxes, rodents and birds.

Acute profuse diarrhea (watery, yellow-green, offensive odor)
Vomiting (yellow, foamy, slimy)
Depression, dehydration and high mortality.

No specific treatment, vaccination not in use in Finland or Estonia.

Recovered pigs are IMMUNE!

Question 17

Post-mortem findings in transmissible gastroenteritis

Answer 17

Lesions in intestine and stomach

Thin and translucent intestinal wall

Distended with fluid ingesta

Atrophy of villi in the small intestine

Question 18

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED)

Answer 18

A contagious disease of pigs of all ages, more severe in older, caused by coronavirus (PEDV). Fecal-oral route.

Characterized by gastroenteritis,
WATERY DIARRHEA (can be only symptom), similar to TGE but spread is slower, vomiting is rare.

Post-mortem findings similar to TGE

No specific treatment, vaccination not in use in Finland or Estonia.

Question 19

Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease
(Vomiting and wasting disease (VWD))

Answer 19

A contagious disease of pigs, caused by coronavirus (PHEV), characterized by vomiting and wasting in piglets and neurological signs in others. Fecal-oral route.

Morbidity and mortality high.

2 syndromes:
Encephalitic form:
- intermittent vomiting 4-7d after birth, lasts for 1-2d
- muscle tremors and hyperesthesia after 1-3d -> sitting dog -position
- dyspnea, coma & death

VWD:
- repeated retching and vomiting
- rapid decline of condition: dehydration, cyanosis, coma and death in 1-6w due to starvation

No treatment, no vaccination

Question 20

Post mortem findings of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease
(Vomiting and wasting disease (VWD))

Answer 20

Cachexia and abdominal distention

Stomach dilated and filled with gas

Encephalitic signs in 70-100% of pigs with nervous signs, 20-60% with VWD