Infertility Flashcards
What are some factors that affect fertility? (8 items)
1- Maternal age (>35) 2- Body weight (BMI <19) 3- Smoking 4- Alcohol 5- Caffeine 6- Recreational drug use 7- Environmental toxins (lead, mercury, organic solvents) 8- Psychological stress
How does smoking affect fertility?
1- increases rate of spontaneous abortion
2- increases the incidence of abruptio placenta
3- increases the incidence of placenta previa
4- bleeding during pregnancy
5- premature rupture of placental membranes
What are some normal semen analysis parameters? (4 items)
1- volume > 1.5ml
2- pH >7.2
3- total sperm count > 39 million
4- motility > 40 %
What are some ways to assess ovarian function? (4 items)
1- Menstrual history (length of 25-35 days)
2- Basal Body Temperature (daily record)
3- Urinary luteinizing hormone (at home predictor kits)
4- assessment of ovarian reserve
What are some ways to assess the uterine cavity and endometrium?
1- hysterosalpingogram (performed after menses but before ovulation)
2- endometrial biopsy
3- pelvic ultrasound/sonohysterogram
Cause of infertility: _______ _______ is when ovulation occurs infrequently (oligoovulation) or not at all (anovulation) may be related to normal reproductive development (aging), a variety of endocrine disorders, premature ovarian-insufficiency (POI), or gonadal dysgenesis.
Ovulatory dysufunction
Cause of infertility: ________ is a common pituitary disorder when the serum prolactin levels are greater than 20ng/mL.
Hyperprolactinemia
How does hyperprolactinemia interfere with fertility?
When prolactin levels are greater than 20ng/mL, they interfere with GnRH release, which in turn results in lower FSH/LH
What are some treatments for infertility?
1- Ovulation induction
2- Artificial insemination
3- Assisted reproductive technologies
4- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening
