Infertility

Question 1

Primary infertility

Answer 1

inability to conceive first child

Question 2

Secondary infertility

Answer 2

inability to conceive another child after you have already had one

Question 3

Normal conception rates

Answer 3

20-25% per month

Question 4

Chronic hypothalamic dysfunction

Answer 4

can be caused by sharp changes in weight, intense exercise, stress
Impairs the secretion of GnRH

Question 5

Hyperandrogenicity

Answer 5

often diagnosed as polycystic ovarian syndrome

chronically increased LH levels

Question 6

Hysterosalpingogram

Answer 6

fluoroscopic and radiographic visualization of the interior of the upper genital tract

Question 7

Clear Blue Fertility Monitor

Answer 7

daily monitoring

Question 8

Fertility scope

Answer 8

saliva testing (tests crystal formation in saliva)

Question 9

First Response fertility tests

Answer 9

measures FSH on day 3

Question 10

OvWatch

Answer 10

measures chloride levels in sweat (when estrogen is high, there is a drop in Cl conc)

Question 11

clomiphene citrate

Answer 11

nonsteroidal estrogen receptor modulator
blocks feedback inhibition of hypothalamus to increase FSH and LH
metabolized by CYP2D6

Question 12

Clomiphene ADR’s

Answer 12

hot flashes, abd discomfort, visual blurring, reversible ovarian enlargement and cyst formation, increased chances of twins or triplets, endometrial thinning and thickening of cervical mucous

Question 13

letrozole (Femara)

Answer 13

aromatase inhibitor= inhibits conversion of testosterone to estrogen

Question 14

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Answer 14

essentially works the same as LH but has a longer half life

can also produce spermatogenesis in men

Question 15

Gonadorelin (Lutrepulse)

Answer 15

synthetic GnRH

administered via portable pump over 90 min

Question 16

GnRH agonists

Answer 16

longer half lives than native GnRH

reduce the # of oocytes that are released prematurely by downregulating GnRH receptors (takes a few weeks)

Question 17

GnRH antagonists

Answer 17

prevent premature LH surge in women using controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
do NOT have initial flare stage like GnRH agonists
more stable

Question 18

Metformin (Glucophage)

Answer 18

can reduce insulin resistance in PCOS pts; restores menstrual cycle and ovarian function

Question 19

Guanifenesin

Answer 19

improve cervical mucus quality

Question 20

dopamine agonists

Answer 20

infertility related to hyperprolactinemia

Question 21

low dose aspirin

Answer 21

may increase uterine and ovarian blood flow velocity