Inferotemporal (IT) Cortex

Question 1

Inferotemporal (IT) cortex

Answer 1

Part of the cerebral cortex in the lower portion of the temporal lobe. It is important for object recognition.

Question 2

Visual agnosias

Answer 2

Failure to recognise objects in spite of the ability to see them

Question 3

Apperceptive Agnosia

Answer 3

Inability to form a percept despite normal vision. The basic elements of the object are seen (lines, etc.) but cannot be integrated into a stable percept.

• Lession closer to V1
• Cannot copy

Question 4

Associative Agnosia

Answer 4

There is a perceptual representation of the object but the patient does not know what the object is.

• lesion further away from V1
• Can copy but can’t identify
• Can recognise the object if presented in another modality

Question 5

Prosopagnosia

Answer 5

Inability to recognize the identity of faces.

Question 6

IT neurons

Answer 6

• Very large, some cover half the visual field
• Don’t respond well to spots or lines
• Do respond well to stimuli such as faces, hands or objects

Question 7

True or False

Object recognition happens so fast (150ms) that there is no time for feedback from higher brain area.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Feed-forward Process

Answer 8

A process that carries out a computation one neural step after another without the need for feedback from a later stage to an earlier stage.

Question 9

Grandmother cells

Answer 9

A single neuron is responsible of recognising someone.

Question 10

True or False

The eyes are very important for facial recognition

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Hippocampus

Answer 11

The temporal lobe also comprises the hippocampus which is a structure that is important to store and retrieve memories.

Question 12

Notice:

Feed-forward processes can give you information about the gist that you are looking at (is it a face, object, etc).

But in order to perceive the details, you would need feedback from higher to lower visual areas.

Question 13

Structuralism

Answer 13

dots make lines, lines make corners, corners shapes and shapes objects.

Question 14

Notice:

Gestalt means whole in German

Question 15

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 15

The whole is different than the sum of its parts.

Question 16

Gestalt Grouping Rules

Answer 16

Set of rules that describe when elements in an image can appear to group together.

Question 17

Good continuation

Answer 17

Two elements will tend to group together if they lie on the same contour

Question 18

Closure

Answer 18

A close contour is prefered to an open contour

Question 19

Occlusion

Answer 19

The perception that a form is occluding another form can be understood using the principles of good continuation and closure

Question 20

Similarity

Answer 20

Similar looking objects tend to group but objects have to be similar in one dimension.

Question 21

Proximity

Answer 21

Objects that are near each other tend to group but proximity may be overruled by connecting the dots.

Question 22

Common region

Answer 22

Objects tend to group is they appear to be part of the same larger region.

Question 23

Connectedness

Answer 23

Objects will tend to group if they are connected.

Question 24

Texture segmentation

Answer 24

Carving an image into regions of common texture properties