Inferential Testing Flashcards
In the sign test, how do you know whether or not a result is significant?
If the observed value is equal to or less than the critical value, so the null hypothesis is rejected
In the sign test, what happens if the observed value (s) is lower than or equal to the critical value?
The null hypothesis can be rejected
In the sign test, what is the observed value (s)?
The number of times the less frequent sign occurs
In the sign test, what is the N value?
The total number of pairs of scores, basically the total number of signs, omitting the ‘=’
What is a one-tailed hypothesis?
Directional
What is a two-tailed hypothesis?
Non-directional
What does a correlational study produce?
A correlation coefficient
What is a correlation co-efficient?
A numerical value showing the degree to which two co-variables are related
What do measurements range from in a correlation co-efficient?
-1 to +1
What does +1 show?
A perfect positive correlation
What does -1 show?
A perfect negative correlation
The closer the correlation to a perfect correlation…?
The stronger the relationship between the two variables
What are the three statistical tests to measure correlation?
Chi-squared, Spearmans rho and Pearsons r
What are inferences?
Informed decisions
What is inferential testing?
A statistical procedure that makes predictions about populations from mathematical analysis of data taken from samples
What are the three types of data?
Nominal, ordinal and interval
What is nominal data?
Named data that can be separated into CATEGORIES which do not overlap
Tally charts are often used
What is ordinal data?
Data which is placed in an order or scale e.g. ratings from 1-10
What is interval data?
Data which is a standardised measurement unit e.g. weight, height, time, distance, temperature
What are the things you must think about when deciding what statistical test to use?
Is the experiment looking for difference or a correlation, is the data ordinal nominal or interval, what kind of experimental design is it? Related or unrelated? Related = repeated measures or matched pairs, unrelated = independent groups
What is the rhyme you must remember to remember what kind of statistical test to use?
Carrots Should Come Mashed With Sweed Under Roast Potatos
What is probability?
The likelihood of events being determined by chance
What is significance level?
Statistical criteria determining if the observed difference/relationship is beyond the boundaries of chance
In a sign test, if the observed value (s) is lower than or equal to the critical value for a critical value of 0.05, what does this mean in terms of significance?
That the result is significant, because there 5% or less probability that the result occurred due to chance
