Infekt Flashcards
Chikungunyát melyik szúnyog terjeszti főleg?
Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti
Dengue lázat melyik szúnyog terjeszti főleg?
Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti
HACEK csop. tagjai
Gram-negative bacilli: Haemophilus species (Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraphrophilus), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens,
Kingella species.
Main vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
Hyalomma marginatum
Ebola inkubációs idő
2-21 nap, legtöbben 8-9 nap után észlelik a tüneteket.
Ebola reservoirs
The natural host for the virus believed to be the fruit bat (Pteropodidae ?). The virus has also been found in porcupines, primates, and wild antelope.
Filoviridae család tagjai
Marburgvirus, Ebolavirus,
Cuevavirus
Ebola speciesek
Taï Forest (formerly Ivory Coast), Sudan, Zaire, Reston (only known Filovirus that does not cause severe disease in humans) and Bundibugyo.
Filovirus nucleic acid
Each virion contains one molecule of single-stranded, negative-sense RNA.
Ebola labor dg
antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
antigen detection tests
serum neutralization test
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
electron microscopy
virus isolation by cell culture.
Other diseases that should be ruled out before a diagnosis of EVD can be made include:
malaria, typhoid fever, shigellosis, cholera, leptospirosis, plague, rickettsiosis, relapsing fever, meningitis, hepatitis and other viral haemorrhagic fevers.
Ebola natural host
n Africa, fruit bats, particularly species of the genera Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti and Myonycteris torquata, are considered possible natural host
Serratia marescens osteomyelitis in infancy is a common presentation of….
Chr. Granulomatous disease
Serratia marescens is naturally resistant to….
Ampicillin
Macrolides
First generation cephalosporins
Serratia kezelés
Aminoglycoside + antipseudomonal beta-lactam
+ lsd. Medsc.
/single use of beta-lactam can select for resistant strains/
/most strains are susceptible to amikacin, reports indicate increasing resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin/
/quinolones are also higly active against most strains/
Serratia maresnens pigmentje
Prodigiosin
Piros-rozsaszin, vércseppel összekeverhető (pl. kaján, pseodohaemoptysis)
Most human babesial infections are caused by….
+ loc
B. microti ( only in the US)
B. divergens and B. bovis ( only in Europe)
Primary vectors for babesiosis + loc
Genus Ixodes: Ixodes scapularis (US) Ixodes ricinus (Europe)
Trafo asszocialt babesiosis inkub. ideje
6-9 hét
Babesiosis inkub. ideje a csípés után
1-3 hét, de akár 9 is lehet
Helpful features that distinguish Babesia from Plasmodium include the following
- Absence of brownish pigment deposits (hemozoin)
- Lack of synchronous stages (schizonts and gametocytes observed with Plasmodium species)
- Occasional presence of tetrads
- Babesia varies more in shape and in size and may be observed outside erythrocytes with heavier infestation.
Babesiosis therapy
Mild to moderate: atovaquone (750 mg every 12 hours ?)+ azithromycin (500 mg on day 1 and 250 mg/day thereafter ?) (kevesebb mellékhatás)
Severe: clindamycin (20 mg/kg/day for children; 300-600 mg IV or intramuscularly [IM] every 6-8hour for adults ?) + quinine (25 mg/kg/day for children; 650 mg every 6-8 hours for adults ?)
Asymptomatikus vagy symptomatikus + előző kezeléssel: 3 hónap múlva ismételt PCR, ha továbbra is pos, kezelni kell (akkor is ha asy)
In areas endemic for Lyme disease, physicians should consider treating for Lyme disease empirically.
Providencia genus tagjai
Providencia stuartii, Providencia rettgeri, Providencia alcalifaciens, Providencia rustigianii,
P.heimbachae.
Providencia speciesek majdnem mindig rezisztensek:
Tetracyclins, older generation of penicillins, and cephalosporins
