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Med > Infekt > Flashcards

Infekt Flashcards

1
Q

Chikungunyát melyik szúnyog terjeszti főleg?

A

Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti

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2
Q

Dengue lázat melyik szúnyog terjeszti főleg?

A

Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti

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3
Q

HACEK csop. tagjai

A

Gram-negative bacilli: Haemophilus species (Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraphrophilus), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens,
Kingella species.

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4
Q

Main vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever

A

Hyalomma marginatum

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5
Q

Ebola inkubációs idő

A

2-21 nap, legtöbben 8-9 nap után észlelik a tüneteket.

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6
Q

Ebola reservoirs

A

The natural host for the virus believed to be the fruit bat (Pteropodidae ?). The virus has also been found in porcupines, primates, and wild antelope.

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7
Q

Filoviridae család tagjai

A

Marburgvirus, Ebolavirus,

Cuevavirus

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8
Q

Ebola speciesek

A

Taï Forest (formerly Ivory Coast), Sudan, Zaire, Reston (only known Filovirus that does not cause severe disease in humans) and Bundibugyo.

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9
Q

Filovirus nucleic acid

A

Each virion contains one molecule of single-stranded, negative-sense RNA.

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10
Q

Ebola labor dg

A

antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
antigen detection tests
serum neutralization test
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
electron microscopy
virus isolation by cell culture.

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11
Q

Other diseases that should be ruled out before a diagnosis of EVD can be made include:

A

malaria, typhoid fever, shigellosis, cholera, leptospirosis, plague, rickettsiosis, relapsing fever, meningitis, hepatitis and other viral haemorrhagic fevers.

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12
Q

Ebola natural host

A

n Africa, fruit bats, particularly species of the genera Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti and Myonycteris torquata, are considered possible natural host

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13
Q

Serratia marescens osteomyelitis in infancy is a common presentation of….

A

Chr. Granulomatous disease

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14
Q

Serratia marescens is naturally resistant to….

A

Ampicillin
Macrolides
First generation cephalosporins

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15
Q

Serratia kezelés

A

Aminoglycoside + antipseudomonal beta-lactam
+ lsd. Medsc.

/single use of beta-lactam can select for resistant strains/
/most strains are susceptible to amikacin, reports indicate increasing resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin/
/quinolones are also higly active against most strains/

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16
Q

Serratia maresnens pigmentje

A

Prodigiosin

Piros-rozsaszin, vércseppel összekeverhető (pl. kaján, pseodohaemoptysis)

17
Q

Most human babesial infections are caused by….

+ loc

A

B. microti ( only in the US)

B. divergens and B. bovis ( only in Europe)

18
Q

Primary vectors for babesiosis + loc

A 
Genus Ixodes:
Ixodes scapularis (US)
Ixodes ricinus (Europe)
19
Q

Trafo asszocialt babesiosis inkub. ideje

A

6-9 hét

20
Q

Babesiosis inkub. ideje a csípés után

A

1-3 hét, de akár 9 is lehet

21
Q

Helpful features that distinguish Babesia from Plasmodium include the following

A
  • Absence of brownish pigment deposits (hemozoin)
  • Lack of synchronous stages (schizonts and gametocytes observed with Plasmodium species)
  • Occasional presence of tetrads
  • Babesia varies more in shape and in size and may be observed outside erythrocytes with heavier infestation.
22
Q

Babesiosis therapy

A

Mild to moderate: atovaquone (750 mg every 12 hours ?)+ azithromycin (500 mg on day 1 and 250 mg/day thereafter ?) (kevesebb mellékhatás)

Severe: clindamycin (20 mg/kg/day for children; 300-600 mg IV or intramuscularly [IM] every 6-8hour for adults ?) + quinine (25 mg/kg/day for children; 650 mg every 6-8 hours for adults ?)

Asymptomatikus vagy symptomatikus + előző kezeléssel: 3 hónap múlva ismételt PCR, ha továbbra is pos, kezelni kell (akkor is ha asy)
In areas endemic for Lyme disease, physicians should consider treating for Lyme disease empirically.

23
Q

Providencia genus tagjai

A

Providencia stuartii, Providencia rettgeri, Providencia alcalifaciens, Providencia rustigianii,
P.heimbachae.

24
Q

Providencia speciesek majdnem mindig rezisztensek:

A

Tetracyclins, older generation of penicillins, and cephalosporins

25
Q

Providencia sp. th

A
  • Life threatening inf. / nosocomial outbreaks empiric th: carbapenems
  • non–life-threatening infections 1st line: amikacin and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors such as piperacillin/tazobactam
  • duration: 1-3 weeks, depending on the site of infection (14 d for bacteremia; 14-21 d for complicated or catheter-associated urinary tract infection).
26
Q

Leptospirosis occurs as two recognizable clinical syndromes:

A

anicteric and icteric.

27
Q

Weil disease

A

Icteric leptospirosis

28
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia intrinsic resistance

A

Beta-lactams (including carbapenems), aminoglycosides

29
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia treatment

A
  • trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole ( szerzett rez. genek lehetnek) this is the only agent for which EUCAST breakpoints are currently available (susceptible ≤4 mg/L; resistant >4 mg/L).
  • ha nem lehet vmiert adni : fluoroquinolones?
    In vitro, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin are more active than ciprofloxacin. In vitro, synergy has been observed with a number of beta-lactams, and may be seen at ciprofloxacin MIC ≤16 mg/L
  • Antimicrobials that have been used in varying combinations include ticarcillin-clavulanate, minocycline, tigecycline, colistin, chloramphenicol, and cephalosporins
30
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mikro

A

Aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative (which distinguishes it from most other members of the genus) and has a positive reaction for extracellular DNase.

They are motile due to polar flagella, and grow well on MacConkey agar producing pigmented colonies

Ubiquitous in aqueous environments, soil, and plants

31
Q

Pertussis phases

A

Catarrhal (1-2 hét), paroxysmal (1-6 hét), convalescent (weeks-months)

32
Q

Togaviridae genera

A

Alphavirus, Rubivirus

33
Q

Propionibacterium micro

A

nonsporulating, gram-positive anaerobic bacilli (coryneform), considered commensal bacteria on the skin. usually nonpathogenic and are common contaminants of blood and body fluid cultures. slow-growing and require at least 6 days for growth in culture

34
Q

Propionibacterium sp. (Fontosak)

A

Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium granulosum,
Propionibacterium avidum,
Propionibacterium propionicus

35
Q

P. acnes inflammatory acne–producing proinflammatory mediators

A

lipases, neuraminidases, phosphatases, and proteases

36
Q

Miota elerheto hepatitis B elleni vakcina

A

1981

37
Q

Receptor for HBV entry into hepatocytes

A

Sodium taurocholate polypeptide

38
Q

P. mirabilis hugyuti inf., milyen vércsop autoantitestek

A

Anti Jkb (kidd)

Med (11 decks)

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