Gyógyszerek Flashcards

Question

Sumetrolim hatóanyag

Answer 1

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

Answer 2

Hypotonia, keringésleállás lehet. | LT felsz? Pulm. vasoconstr? miatt

Answer 3

Máriatövis kivonat

Answer 4

- D-penicillamine - Aminoglycoside antibiotics (inhibit both pre- and postsynaptic transmission) - Fluoroquinolone antibiotics - Phenytoin (both pre- and postsynaptic effects and prevents the depolarization required for neurotransmission) and other anticonvulsants - Lithium (with chronic use, it may compete with calcium in the presynaptic region and reduce the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from nerve terminals) - Beta blockers - Glucocorticoids - Magnesium sulfate

Answer 5

Formoterol + beclomethasone

Answer 6

Propafenone

Answer 7

Lisinopril

Answer 8

Dolutegravir

Answer 9

Raltegravir

Answer 10

Elvitegravir

Answer 11

Dolutegravir, raltegravir, elvitegravir

Answer 12

Emtricitabine

Answer 13

Rilpivirine

Answer 14

Lamivudine

Answer 15

Cobicistat

Answer 16

Ritonavir-boosted darunavir

Answer 17

Lercanidipine

Answer 18

Mycafungin

Answer 19

Tacrolimus

Answer 20

Dexmetotimidin

Answer 21

Ganciclovir

Answer 22

The most common side effects are fine tremor, anxiety, headache, muscle cramps, dry mouth, and palpitation. - Other symptoms may include tachycardia, arrhythmia, flushing, myocardial ischemia (rare), and disturbances of sleep and behaviour. - Rarely occurring, but of importance, are allergic reactions of paradoxical bronchospasm, urticaria, angioedema, hypotension, and collapse. - hypertension, increased QTc - metab. acidosis (laktát?) - hyperglycaemia - High doses may cause hypokalaemia, which is of concern in patients with renal failure and those on certain diuretics and xanthine derivatives.

Answer 23

CV disease, glaucoma, hypokalemia, hyperthyreoidism, seizures, diabetes?

Answer 24

After inhalation, salbutamol reaches the lungs directly and acts within 3-5 minutes with a peak at 15-20 minutes. Overall duration of action of salbutamol is 4-6 hours

Answer 25

Hydrolyzed by esterases in tissue and blood to the active compound colterol. The drug is also conjugatively metabolized to salbutamol 4'-O-sulfate (intestinal tract and in the liver?)

Answer 26

primarily excreted via the urine. Approximately 50% is excreted as metabolites via the urine and about 30% is excreted as unchanged salbutamol. A small fraction is excreted through the faces. Approximately 72% of the inhaled dose is excreted in the urine within 24 hours, 28% as unchanged drug and 44% as metabolite?

Answer 27

Gabapentin

Answer 28

The R-isomer, levalbuterol, is responsible for bronchodilation while the S-isomer increases bronchial reactivity. The R-enantiomer is sold in its pure form as Levalbuterol.

Answer 29

- beta(2)-adrenergic agonist ->relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. - It is believed that salbutamol increases cAMP production by activating adenylate cyclase, and the actions of salbutamol are mediated by cAMP. Increased intracellular cyclic AMP increases the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin and lowers intracellular calcium concentrations. A lowered intracellular calcium concentration leads to a smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. - inhibits the release of bronchoconstricting agents from mast cells - inhibits microvascular leakage - enhances mucociliary clearance.

Answer 30

CONTRAINDICATIONS Tachycardia secondary to heart condition CAUTIONS Some inhalers use hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant instead of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); otherwise, devices are equivalent Risk of hypokalemia (usually transient) Paradoxical bronchospasm may occur Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, asthma, glaucoma, diabetes, hypokalemia, hyperthyroidism, or seizures Use face mask in children <4 years Serious adverse effects occur when administered dose exceeds recommended dose

Answer 31

Izoszorbid-5-nitrát

Answer 32

Lamivudine

Answer 33

Raltegravir

Answer 34

Combivir: zidovudine+lamivudine

Answer 35

Lopinavir + Ritonavir

Answer 36

Lopinavir + Ritonavir

Answer 37

Ciprofibrate

Answer 38

Nevirapine

Answer 39

Nevirapine

Answer 40

Abacavir, lamivudine

Answer 41

ciprofloxacin, digoxin, and warfarin (Coumadin). These interactions may decrease the rate of theophylline clearance by interfering with P-450 site metabolism. On the other hand, phenytoin (Dilantin) and cigarette smoking can increase the rate of metabolism of theophylline and, therefore, can decrease the therapeutic level of the drug.

Answer 42

Rilpivirine

Answer 43

Atazanavir

Answer 44

the theophylline dose needs to be divided by 0.80.

Answer 45

Ipratropium bromid

Answer 46

Salbutamol

Answer 47

Fenoterol + ipratropium bromid

Answer 48

Budenoside

Answer 49

Theophyllin

Answer 50

Dexamethason

Answer 51

vagy a cysteinyl-leukotrien 1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonistái (montelukast, pranlukast és zafirlukast) vagy az 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) enzim inhibitorai (zileuton)

Answer 52

Formoterol, salmeterol

Answer 53

Formoterol + budesonide

Answer 54

salmeterol és a formoterol hörgőtágító hatásának időtartama hasonló, legalább 12 óra, de a formoterol hatása a SABA-khoz hasonlóan gyorsan kialakul, ami miatt alkalmas a rohamoldásra és a tünetek prevenciójára is. - de csak akkor, ha a beteg alapól kap fenntartó ICS-t is (The combination ICS/formoterol inhaler may be taken up to a maximum total formoterol dose of 72 mcg in a day (Evidence A).)

Answer 55

A teofillin hatásszélessége, azaz a legkisebb hatékony dózis és a legnagyobb még tűrt adag közötti különbség kicsi, emiatt a teofillin mellékhatások gyakoriak, bizonyos szérumszint (20 mg/L) felett súlyosak. A teofillin nagy adagjai (10mg/kg/nap vagy ennél nagyobb adagok) mellékhatásokat okozhatnak, amelyek korlátozzák használatát, ezért fenntartó kezeléshez a dózis gondos beállítása szükséges. A gyulladáscsökkentő hatás <10 mg/L értékeknél már kialakul, ezért kis napi adagú („gyulladáscsökkentő adagú) terápia esetén szérum szint monitorozás nem szükséges, kivéve panasz esetén. A mellékhatások súlyossága a teofillin vérszint függvényei. 20mg/L plazmakoncentráció felett fejfájás, hányinger, a diuresis fokozódása, nyugtalanság, álmatlanság, tachycardia, súlyosabb esetben arrythmia, hypotonia, generalizált görcsök jelentkeznek. A gyógyszer metabolizmusát számos körülmény befolyásolja: Csökken a teofillin clearance májbetegségekben, jobbszívfél elégtelenségben, lázas állapotok kapcsán, enziminhibitor gyógyszerek (cimetidin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, zileuton) hatására, idős korban, nagy szénhidrát tartalmú diéták esetében. Nő a clearance enziminduktorok (rifampicin, fenobarbital) hatására, dohányosokban, gyermekekben, magas fehérje, kis széhidrát tartalmú diéta mellett.

Answer 56

Salbutamol, terbutalin, fenoterol

Answer 57

Indapamide

Answer 58

?(wiki) - known hypersensitivity to sulfonamides - severe renal failure - hepatic encephalopathy or severe hepatic failure - hypokalemia

Answer 59

Latanoprost+timolol

Answer 60

Latanoprost

Answer 61

Fenofibrate

Answer 62

Rosuvastatin

Answer 63

Mg aspartate/k aspartate

Answer 64

Levofloxacin

Answer 65

Brimonidine, timolol

Answer 66

Bimatoprost

Answer 67

Moxifloxacin

Answer 68

Fluorometholone

Answer 69

Timolol, pilocarpine

Answer 70

Tropicamide

Answer 71

Ciclosporin

Answer 72

Quentiapinr

Answer 73

Clopidogrel

Answer 74

Escitalopram

Answer 75

Cyclopentolate

Answer 76

Azathioprine

Answer 77

Acetilszalicilsav

Answer 78

Clopidogrel

Answer 79

Verapamil, trandolapril

Answer 80

- gastric ulceration - gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding - hypertension - nephrotoxicity - stroke - myocardial infarction - hepatoxicity - The GI side effects may be reduced when selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are used

Answer 81

inhibition of folic acid synthesis and blocks a methylation step necessary for the formation of nucleotide bases used in DNA synthesis.

Answer 82

bone marrow suppression, infection, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis, and phototoxicity. To prevent hepatotoxicity during the course of therapy, considerable dietary and lifestyle modifications are recommended, including limiting acetaminophen use, alcohol use, and the consumption of grapefruit due to its inhibition of cytochrome CYP3A liver enzymes. Limited sun exposure is also recommended to prevent severe dermatologic reactions.

Answer 83

purine synthesis inhibitors

Answer 84

may cause bone marrow suppression and infection; azathioprine may also cause pancreatitis

Answer 85

Chloroquine

Answer 86

Clopidogrel