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Med > Gyógyszerek > Flashcards

Gyógyszerek Flashcards

0
Q

2nd generation Fluoroquinolones

A 
Ciprofloxacin
Enoxacin
Lomefloxacin
Nadifloxacin
Norfloxacin
Ofloxacin
Pefloxacin	
Rufloxacin
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1
Q

1st generation Fluoroquinolones

A 
Flumequine
Nalidixic acid
Oxolinic acid
Piromidic acid
Pipemidic acid	
Rosoxacin
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2
Q

3rd generation Fluoroquinolones

A 
Balofloxacin
Gatifloxacin
Grepafloxacin
Levofloxacin	
Moxifloxacin	
Pazufloxacin	
Sparfloxacin	
Temafloxacin
Tosufloxacin
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3
Q

4th generation fluoroquinolones

A 
Besifloxacin
Clinafloxacin	 
Gemifloxacin
Sitafloxacin
Trovafloxacin
Prulifloxacin
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4
Q

Atovaquon/Proguanil (Malarone) hat nur Wechselwirkungen mit…

A

…antiretroviralen Mittel (?)

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5
Q

Avelox hatóanyag?

A

Moxifloxacin

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6
Q

Adexor hatóanyag?

A

Trimetazidine

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7
Q

Xeter hatóanyag?

A

Rosuvastatin

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8
Q

Vidotin hatóanyag?

A

Perindopril

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9
Q

Macrolidok

A 
Azithromycin
Erythromycin	 
Clarithromycin
Dirithromycin
Roxithromycin
Ketolides: Telithromycin
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10
Q

Aminoglycosidok

A 
Amikacin
Gentamicin
Kanamycin
Neomycin
Netilmicin
Paromomycin	 
Streptomycin	 
Tobramycin
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11
Q

Invanz hatóanyag

A

Ertapenem

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12
Q

Brinaldix hatóanyag

A

Clopamide

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13
Q

Chinotal hatóanyag

A

Pentoxyphillin

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14
Q

Vessel hatóanyag

A

Sulodexide

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15
Q

D-penicillamine, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and Wilson disease, induces production of antibodies to …. This results in a syndrome clinically similar to ….

A

….acetylcholine receptor….myasthenia gravis

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16
Q

Targocid hatóanyag

A

Teicoplanin

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17
Q

Glicopeptidek

A

Vancomycin, Teicoplanin

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18
Q

Bactrim hatóanyag

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

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19
Q

Zyvox hatóanyag

A

Linezolid

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20
Q

Cotrim hatóanyag

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

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21
Q

Tarivid hatóanyag

A

Ofloxacin

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22
Q

Fortum hatóanyag

A

Ceftazidime

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23
Q

Suprax hatóanyag

A

Cefixime

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24
Q

Sumetrolim hatóanyag

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

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25
Q

Ha túl gyorsan adjuk a protamint…

A

Hypotonia, keringésleállás lehet.

LT felsz? Pulm. vasoconstr? miatt

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26
Q

Silymarin hatóanyag

A

Máriatövis kivonat

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27
Q

Drugs that may cause reduced transmission at the neuromuscular junction in cases of overdose, or when used in patients who have underlying disease of the neuromuscular junction…

A
  • D-penicillamine
  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics (inhibit both pre- and postsynaptic transmission)
  • Fluoroquinolone antibiotics
  • Phenytoin (both pre- and postsynaptic effects and prevents the depolarization required for neurotransmission) and other anticonvulsants
  • Lithium (with chronic use, it may compete with calcium in the presynaptic region and reduce the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from nerve terminals)
  • Beta blockers
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Magnesium sulfate
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28
Q

Bactroban hatóanyag

A

Mupirocin

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29
Q

Foster hatóanyag

A

Formoterol + beclomethasone

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30
Q

Rytmonorm hatóanyag

A

Propafenone

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31
Q

Lisopress hatóanyag

A

Lisinopril

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32
Q

DTG

A

Dolutegravir

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33
Q

EFV

A

Efavirenz

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34
Q

RAL

A

Raltegravir

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35
Q

EVG

A

Elvitegravir

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36
Q

Integrase inhibitors

A

Dolutegravir, raltegravir, elvitegravir

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37
Q

TDF

A

Tenofovir

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38
Q

FTC

A

Emtricitabine

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39
Q

RPV

A

Rilpivirine

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40
Q

ABC

A

Abacavir

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41
Q

3TC

A

Lamivudine

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42
Q

COBI

A

Cobicistat

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43
Q

DRV/r

A

Ritonavir-boosted darunavir

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44
Q

TDF/FTC/EVG/COBI how many pills

A

1

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45
Q

Efient hatóanyag

A

Prasugrel

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46
Q

Lercaton hatóanyag

A

Lercanidipine

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47
Q

Mycamine hatóanyag

A

Mycafungin

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48
Q

Prograf hatóanyag

A

Tacrolimus

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49
Q

Dexdor hatóanyag

A

Dexmetotimidin

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50
Q

Cymevene hatóanyag

A

Ganciclovir

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51
Q

Salbutamol side effects

A

The most common side effects are fine tremor, anxiety, headache, muscle cramps, dry mouth, and palpitation.

  • Other symptoms may include tachycardia, arrhythmia, flushing, myocardial ischemia (rare), and disturbances of sleep and behaviour.
  • Rarely occurring, but of importance, are allergic reactions of paradoxical bronchospasm, urticaria, angioedema, hypotension, and collapse.
  • hypertension, increased QTc
  • metab. acidosis (laktát?)
  • hyperglycaemia
  • High doses may cause hypokalaemia, which is of concern in patients with renal failure and those on certain diuretics and xanthine derivatives.
52
Q

Salbutamol cautions

A

CV disease, glaucoma, hypokalemia, hyperthyreoidism, seizures, diabetes?

53
Q

Salbutamol duration of action

A

After inhalation, salbutamol reaches the lungs directly and acts within 3-5 minutes with a peak at 15-20 minutes. Overall duration of action of salbutamol is 4-6 hours

55
Q

Salbutamol metabolism

A

Hydrolyzed by esterases in tissue and blood to the active compound colterol. The drug is also conjugatively metabolized to salbutamol 4’-O-sulfate (intestinal tract and in the liver?)

56
Q

Salbutamol excretion

A

primarily excreted via the urine. Approximately 50% is excreted as metabolites via the urine and about 30% is excreted as unchanged salbutamol. A small fraction is excreted through the faces.
Approximately 72% of the inhaled dose is excreted in the urine within 24 hours, 28% as unchanged drug and 44% as metabolite?

57
Q

Gordius hatóanyag

A

Gabapentin

58
Q

Salbutamol isomers + their effects

A

The R-isomer, levalbuterol, is responsible for bronchodilation while the S-isomer increases bronchial reactivity. The R-enantiomer is sold in its pure form as Levalbuterol.

59
Q

Salbutamol mechanism of action

A
  • beta(2)-adrenergic agonist ->relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles.
  • It is believed that salbutamol increases cAMP production by activating adenylate cyclase, and the actions of salbutamol are mediated by cAMP. Increased intracellular cyclic AMP increases the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin and lowers intracellular calcium concentrations. A lowered intracellular calcium concentration leads to a smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation.
  • inhibits the release of bronchoconstricting agents from mast cells
  • inhibits microvascular leakage
  • enhances mucociliary clearance.
60
Q

Salbutamol contraindication and warnings

A

CONTRAINDICATIONS
Tachycardia secondary to heart condition
CAUTIONS
Some inhalers use hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant instead of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); otherwise, devices are equivalent
Risk of hypokalemia (usually transient)
Paradoxical bronchospasm may occur
Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, asthma, glaucoma, diabetes, hypokalemia, hyperthyroidism, or seizures
Use face mask in children <4 years
Serious adverse effects occur when administered dose exceeds recommended dose

61
Q

Ednyt hatóanyag

A

Enalapril

62
Q

Mono mack depot hatóanyag

A

Izoszorbid-5-nitrát

63
Q

Epivir hatóanyag

A

Lamivudine

64
Q

Norvir hatóanyag

A

Ritonavir

65
Q

RTV

A

Ritonavir

66
Q

Viread hatóanyag

A

Tenofovir

67
Q

Isentress hatóanyag

A

Raltegravir

68
Q

CBV

A

Combivir: zidovudine+lamivudine

69
Q

LPV/r

A

Lopinavir + Ritonavir

70
Q

Kaletra hatóanyag

A

Lopinavir + Ritonavir

71
Q

Lipanor hatóanyag

A

Ciprofibrate

72
Q

Viramune hatóanyag

A

Nevirapine

73
Q

NVP

A

Nevirapine

74
Q

Kivexa hatóanyag

A

Abacavir, lamivudine

75
Q

Theophylline has significant drug interactions with

A

ciprofloxacin, digoxin, and warfarin (Coumadin). These interactions may decrease the rate of theophylline clearance by interfering with P-450 site metabolism. On the other hand, phenytoin (Dilantin) and cigarette smoking can increase the rate of metabolism of theophylline and, therefore, can decrease the therapeutic level of the drug.

76
Q

Prezista hatóanyag

A

Darunavir

77
Q

Edurant hatóanyag

A

Rilpivirine

78
Q

ATV

A

Atazanavir

79
Q

Crixivan hatóanyag

A

Indinavir

80
Q

To convert a theophylline dose to aminophylline…

A

the theophylline dose needs to be divided by 0.80.

81
Q

Atrovent hatóanyag

A

Ipratropium bromid

82
Q

Sultanol hatóanyag

A

Salbutamol

83
Q

Berodual hatóanyag

A

Fenoterol + ipratropium bromid

84
Q

Pulmicort hatóanyag

A

Budenoside

85
Q

Euphylong hatóanyag

A

Theophyllin

86
Q

Dormicum hatóanyag

A

Midazolam

87
Q

Fortecortin hatóanyag

A

Dexamethason

88
Q

anti-leukotrien hatású vegyületek

A

vagy a cysteinyl-leukotrien 1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonistái (montelukast, pranlukast és zafirlukast) vagy az 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) enzim inhibitorai (zileuton)

89
Q

Hosszú-hatású inhalált β2-agonisták (LABA-k)

A

Formoterol, salmeterol

90
Q

Symbicort hatóanyag

A

Formoterol + budesonide

91
Q

LABA-k hatásideje

A

salmeterol és a formoterol hörgőtágító hatásának időtartama hasonló, legalább 12 óra, de a formoterol hatása a SABA-khoz hasonlóan gyorsan kialakul, ami miatt alkalmas a rohamoldásra és a tünetek prevenciójára is. - de csak akkor, ha a beteg alapól kap fenntartó ICS-t is (The combination ICS/formoterol inhaler may be taken up to a maximum total formoterol dose of 72 mcg in a day (Evidence A).)

92
Q

Teofillin mellékhatások

A

A teofillin hatásszélessége, azaz a legkisebb hatékony dózis és a legnagyobb még tűrt adag közötti különbség kicsi, emiatt a teofillin mellékhatások gyakoriak, bizonyos szérumszint (20 mg/L) felett súlyosak.
A teofillin nagy adagjai (10mg/kg/nap vagy ennél nagyobb adagok) mellékhatásokat okozhatnak, amelyek korlátozzák használatát, ezért fenntartó kezeléshez a dózis gondos beállítása szükséges.
A gyulladáscsökkentő hatás <10 mg/L értékeknél már kialakul, ezért kis napi adagú („gyulladáscsökkentő adagú) terápia esetén szérum szint monitorozás nem szükséges, kivéve panasz esetén.
A mellékhatások súlyossága a teofillin vérszint függvényei. 20mg/L plazmakoncentráció felett fejfájás, hányinger, a diuresis fokozódása, nyugtalanság, álmatlanság, tachycardia, súlyosabb esetben arrythmia, hypotonia, generalizált görcsök jelentkeznek.
A gyógyszer metabolizmusát számos körülmény befolyásolja:
Csökken a teofillin clearance májbetegségekben, jobbszívfél elégtelenségben, lázas állapotok kapcsán, enziminhibitor gyógyszerek (cimetidin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, zileuton) hatására, idős korban, nagy szénhidrát tartalmú diéták esetében. Nő a clearance enziminduktorok (rifampicin, fenobarbital) hatására, dohányosokban, gyermekekben, magas fehérje, kis széhidrát tartalmú diéta mellett.

93
Q

SABA-k

A

Salbutamol, terbutalin, fenoterol

94
Q

Ramace hatóanyag

A

Ramipril

95
Q

Rawel hatóanyag

A

Indapamide

96
Q

Indapamid CI

A

?(wiki)

  • known hypersensitivity to sulfonamides - severe renal failure
  • hepatic encephalopathy or severe hepatic failure
  • hypokalemia
97
Q

Xalacom csepp hatóanyag

A

Latanoprost+timolol

98
Q

Xalatan csepp hatoanyag

A

Latanoprost

99
Q

Lipidil hatóanyag

A

Fenofibrate

100
Q

Delipid hatóanyag

A

Rosuvastatin

101
Q

Panangin hatóanyag

A

Mg aspartate/k aspartate

102
Q

Oftaquix csepp hatóanyag

A

Levofloxacin

103
Q

Combigan csepp hatóanyag

A

Brimonidine, timolol

104
Q

Lumigan csepp hatóanyag

A

Bimatoprost

105
Q

Yellox csepp hatóanyag

A

Bromfenac

106
Q

Vigamox csepp hatóanyag

A

Moxifloxacin

107
Q

Efflumidex csepp hatóanyag

A

Fluorometholone

108
Q

Fotil csepp hatóanyag

A

Timolol, pilocarpine

109
Q

Mydrum csepp hatóanyag

A

Tropicamide

110
Q

Sandimmun

A

Ciclosporin

111
Q

Corinfar

A

Nifedipin

112
Q

Kventiax

A

Quentiapinr

113
Q

Kerberan hatóanyag

A

Clopidogrel

114
Q

Adimet hatoanyag

A

Metformin

115
Q

Scippa hatóanyag

A

Escitalopram

116
Q

Asentra hatoanyag

A

Sertralin

117
Q

Humapent csepp hatóanyag

A

Cyclopentolate

118
Q

Imuran hatóanyag

A

Azathioprine

119
Q

Asactal

A

Acetilszalicilsav

120
Q

Atrombin

A

Clopidogrel

121
Q

Tarka

A

Verapamil, trandolapril

122
Q

NSAID side effects

A
  • gastric ulceration
  • gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding
  • hypertension
  • nephrotoxicity
  • stroke
  • myocardial infarction
  • hepatoxicity
  • The GI side effects may be reduced when selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are used
123
Q

Methotrexate hogyan hat

A

inhibition of folic acid synthesis and blocks a methylation step necessary for the formation of nucleotide bases used in DNA synthesis.

124
Q

Methotrexate severe side effects + diet

A

bone marrow suppression, infection, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis, and phototoxicity.

To prevent hepatotoxicity during the course of therapy, considerable dietary and lifestyle modifications are recommended, including limiting acetaminophen use, alcohol use, and the consumption of grapefruit due to its inhibition of cytochrome CYP3A liver enzymes.

Limited sun exposure is also recommended to prevent severe dermatologic reactions.

125
Q

Azathioprine and MMFhogyan hat

A

purine synthesis inhibitors

126
Q

Azathioprine and MMF severe side effects

A

may cause bone marrow suppression and infection; azathioprine may also cause pancreatitis

127
Q

Delagil hatóanyag

A

Chloroquine

128
Q

Kerberan hatóanyag

A

Clopidogrel

Med (11 decks)

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