Infective endocarditis Flashcards
What is endocarditis and what does it involve?
Infection of the vascular endocardium usually involving the heart valves
Which valve is commonly affected in endocarditis?
Mitral valve
Which valve is commonly affected in endocarditis in IV drug users?
Tricuspid valve
What 2 symptoms a patient presents with MUST endocarditis be excluded in?
Fever and murmur
What is the word for when circulating bacteria adhere to the valve and form a ? in endocarditis
vegatation
What are 5 risk factors for endocarditis?
Prosthetic valve Rheumatic heart disease IV drug user Structural heart defect Dental surgery
What does FROMJANE stand for in endocarditis?
Fever Roth spots Ostler nodes Murmur Jane way lesions Anaemia Nail sphincter haemorrhages Emboli
When must blood cultures to test for endocarditis be taken?
Before starting antibiotics
What are the 4 blood findings in endocarditis?
infections with agent
normocytic and normochromic anaemia
neutropenia
elevated ESR/CRP
How will anaemia present in endocarditis?
normocytic and normochromic
What will the urine analysis present with in endocarditis?
Microscopic haematuria
What are the 2 diagnostic tests for endocarditis?
Blood cultures
echocardiograms
What would the echo of a patient with endocarditis present with?
Presence of vegetation
abnormal movement of the heart valve
What are the Duke Criteria diagnostics in diagnosing endocarditis?
2/1 major plus 3-5 minor
What are the 2 major Duke criteria for endocarditis?
2 positive blood cultures
endocardium involvement
