Infective Endocarditis

Question 1

infective endocarditis

Answer 1

microbial infection of the endothelial lining of the heart
vegetations on heart valves
changes to aortic valve, impacts blood flow and oxygenation as valves cant close properly
blockage

Question 2

pathogenesis of IE

Answer 2

surface abnormalities, haemodynamic changes, turbulemce, platelet/fibrin deposition thrombus, vegetation, microbial attachment, enlargement of vegetation

Question 3

risk factors of IE

Answer 3

prosthetic heart vavles, previous endocarditis, heart abnormalities, acquired valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, recurrent bacteraemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 4

portals of entry for IE

Answer 4

oral cavity, skin breach, haematological spread

Question 5

microbiology causing IE

Answer 5

staph aureus, viridians streptococci

Question 6

diagnosis of IE

Answer 6

trouble breathing, pale
blood cultures, 3 over 24hrs, before antibiotics
echocardiography
DUKE criteria - microbiology, evidence of endocardial involvement

Question 7

antimicrobial tx of IE

Answer 7

broad spectrum then guide by lab results, synergistic combinations, cardiac monitoring
emergency valve replacement