Infectious mononucleosis Flashcards
What is the epidemiology of infectious mononucleosis?
Infectious mononucleosis is mostly seen among young adults in developed countries
What is the cause of infectious mononucleosis?
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
What is the presentation of infectious mononucleosis?
Triad of:
- Sore throat
- Lymphadenopathy
- Pyrexia
Malaise
Headache
Splenomegaly
Hepatitis
Macular rash
Where does lymphadenopathy occur in infectious mononucleosis?
Anterior and posterior triangles of the neck
What are the differentials of infectious mononucleosis?
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Influenza
HIV seroconversion
Cytomegalovirus
What investigations are useful in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis?
Full blood count
Monospot test
EBV viral serology
Abdominal ultrasound - assess for splenomegaly
HIV testing (rule out)
When should the monospot test be performed?
Week 2 of illness
What is the management of EBV?
Rest
Fluids
Avoid alcohol
Analgesia
What advice should be given to patients with infectious mononucleosis?
Avoid contact sports for 4 weeks, due to the risk of splenic rupture
What antibiotics should be avoided in patients with EBV?
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
What are the complications of EBV?
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Aplastic anaemia
Acute liver failure
Upper airway obstruction
How long does infectious mononucleosis typically last?
2-4 weeks
