Gastroenteritis Flashcards
What are the common causes of viral gastroenteritis?
Rotavirus
Norovirus
What bacteria commonly cause gastroenteritis?
E. coli
Campylobacter jejuni
Shigella
Salmonella
Bacillus cereus
Yersinia enterocolitica
Staphyloccocus
What bacteria is most associated with traveller’s diarrhoea?
Campylobacter
What bacteria is most associated with raw eggs or polutry?
Salmonella
What pathogen is most associated with the small intestines of animals?
Giardia
What bacteria is most associated with undercooked pork?
Yersinia
What types of gastroenteritis can lead to haemolytic uraemic syndrome?
E coli
Shigella
- Both organisms produce the shiga toxin
What investigations are used in the diagnosis of gastroenteritis?
Stool culture
FBC
U&Es
CRP
LFTs
What is the general management of gastroenteritis?
Fluid replacement - oral or IV
Electrolyte replacement - oral or IV
Antidiarrhoeal drugs not recommended
When are antibiotics used in the management of gastroenteritis?
Extremes of age
Immunocompromised patient
Severe systemic illness
What antibiotics are typically used for gastroenteritis?
Ciprofloxacin
Azithromycin
What are the complications of gastroenteritis?
Dehydration
Electrolyte disturbance
AKI
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Reactive arthritis
Toxic megacolon
Sepsis
