Infectious In Communicable Diseases Flashcards
What is the definition of a communicable disease?
And infectious disease transmissible from person to person by direct contact with an affected individual or the individuals discharges or by direct means.
What is the definition of direct transmission?
Physical contact between an infected person and the susceptible person
What is the definition of indirect transmission?
No direct human to human contact. Contact occurs from a reservoir to contaminated surfaces or objects, or to vector such as mosquitoes, flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rodents, or dogs.
What is the definition of an infectious disease
Disorders caused by organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
What is the definition of antigen?
A tocsin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies
What is the definition of antibodies?
A blood protein produced in response to an counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances that the body recognizes alien, such as bacteria and viruses
What is the definition of passive immunity?
The short term immunity the results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal
What is the definition of active immunity?
That me today that results from the production of antibodies by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen
What are the different types of vaccines?
Killed virus, toxoid, live virus, recombinant, conjugated
What is a toxoid vaccine?
A vaccine made from a toxin that has been made harmless but that elicits an immune response against the toxin
What is a recombinant vaccine?
A vaccine produced through recumbent DNA technology. This involves inserting the DNA coding an antigen that stimulates and immune response into bacterial cells
What are considerations when giving vaccines?
Minor illness with or without low-grade fever, antibiotic therapy, recent exposure to an infectious disease, prematurity, previous local reaction, family member with adverse response
What are contraindications for vaccines?
Anaphylactic reaction to the vaccine or a component, moderate to severe acute illness, allergy to certain components: gelatin Neomycin or eggs contraindicated in the MMR vaccine. Immunosuppressive therapy or immunosuppression. Administration of immune serum globulin
Vera Cella/chickenpox: How long is it communicable?
Communicable up to five days before the rash and until all vesicles have crusted over, approximately 5 to 7 days
Diphtheriaapproximately how many cases in the US per year, other countries? When is the vaccine given?
It is a rare in the US, less than five cases per year. Endemic in unimmunized countries. Vaccine given at two, four, six, 15 to 18 months and before starting school
H.influenza type B: how is it transmitted, what does a start with.
It is transmitted by direct person-to-person contact or droplet inhalation. Starts with an upper respiratory tract infection
H.influenza type B: what can it cause?
Meningitis, epiglottitis, and pneumonia.
Rubeola/measles when is it communicable?
Communicable during prodromal phase, 3 to 5 days before koplik’s spots, through 2 to 4 days after rash appears
What does the rubeola rash look like and how does it act?
The rash is red and black G, starts on face and spreads downward
Parotitis/mumps: how long is it communicable?
Seven days before parotid swelling until nine days after swelling subsides. It is an endemic in unimmunized countries
Pertussis/whooping cough: when is it communicable?
One week after exposure
When is the whooping cough most common?
In infants under six months of age
What are the signs and symptoms of whooping cough?
Starts with a runny nose and cough, cough gets worse at night and changes in spasms of proximal coughing with stridor and whoop
When is poliomyelitis communicable?
Communicable up to seven weeks before symptoms may appear
Poliomyelitis causes what and what is treatment?
Causes permanent motor paralysis. Treatment is supportive
Rubella/German measles: when is it communicable
Seven days before to two days after the onset of the rash
Why have rates of congenital rubella increased?
Due to lack of anti-bodies and young women
Describe the rash of rubella.
Rash appears on face, the neck, trunk and legs and disappears in the same order
Tetanus is caused by what?
Clostridium tetany, found in soil, dust, and animal excretions transmitted to humans through wounds and scan from contaminated soil or implement.
Rotovirus is the most common cause of what?how is it transmitted?
Severe diarrhea in young children. Transmitted through the fecal/oral route, possible respiratory transmission
The rotavirus vaccine, if given early on is linked to cases of what?
Linked to cases of intussusception
Human papilloma virus is the most common what?
Most common sexually transmitted infection in teens in the US
Human papilloma virus causes what and can lead to what? What is the cure
Causes genital warts. Can lead to cervical cancer. No cure, transmissible even with condoms
Mononucleosis is transmitted through what virus?
Transmitted through the Epstein bar virus
Mononucleosis infects what, is transmitted by what, and what is the incubation period?
Infects oral mucosal and salivary gland. Transmitted by direct contact with saliva. Incubation period 4 to 6 weeks
AIDS: how does it work?
It destroys T cells affecting cellular immunity
What are the common symptoms of AIDS/HIV
Lymphadenopathy/hepatosplenomegaly, oral candidiasis, weight loss, repeated infections, pneumonitis/PCP
What is treatment for HIV/AIDS
All infants of infected mothers should receive PCP prophylaxis. IVIG to prevent bacterial infection, antiretroviral drugs
Eczema tends to occur in children with what?
Hereditary allergic tendencies
What is eczema treatment?
Treatment is to hydrate and lubricate skin and reduce puréed us. Moisturizing ornaments are applied 3 to 4 times a day, ornaments better as they are occlusive which ensures absorption into skin. Topical corticosteroids are you through deuce information. Oral steroids during acute exacerbations. Antihistamines given to relieve itching at night
What is impetigo?
And epidermal infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, group a beta hemolytic streptococcus, or both
What are the most common sites for impetigo?
Face, mouth area, hands, neck, and extremities. Minor skin injuries provide portal for infection
What is the process of impetigo?
Impetigo begins of vesicles or pustules surrounded by redness and Adema and progressive to exit day and crusting stage
What is the treatment for impetigo?
Remove cross with warm water and antiseptic soap. Topical bacteriocidal ointment for 5 to 7 days. Oral antibiotics if no response to topical antibiotic.
Impetigo is highly communicable until how long after antibiotics are started?
48 hours
What is pediculosis captitis?
Lice
What are scabies caused by?
Mites: sarcoptes scabei
What is the process of scabies?
Female might burrows into epidermis, lays eggs and deposits feces and debris. It occurs on hands, neck, head, legs, but ox, chest, abdomen, feet. Lesions are linear, threadlike burrows 1 to 10 cm in length. Very itchy, worse at night
