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DERMATOLOGY Premade cards > Infectious/Fungal > Flashcards

Infectious/Fungal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rate of movement of the larva migrans in strongyloides (larva currens?)

A

5-10cm/h

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2
Q

Madura foot (Actinomycetoma) with grain color: white

A

Nocardia

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3
Q

Riettsialpox: bacteria and vector

A

R. akari & vector: mouse mite (Liponyssodies sanguineus)

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4
Q

Treatment for Rhinoscleroma

A

Cipro

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5
Q

Tick vector for Boutonneuse fever

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

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6
Q

Treatment for African sleeping sickness

A

Suramin Or Pentamidine

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7
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum is caused by which bacteria

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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8
Q

Vector of Epidemic Typhus

A

Body louse (Pediculosis humanus var. corporis)

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9
Q

Fever, arthritis, ulceration of the site of the bite, associated with rash, acral distribution

A

Ratbite/Haverhill fever (streptobacillus moniliformis)

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10
Q

Glossina spp.

A

Tsetse fly - vector in sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis)

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11
Q

What do you add to amphotericin B to help treat crypto?

A

Flucytosine

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12
Q

Describe the three leprosy reaction states and what you treat each with

A

Type 1 - reversal reaction (upgrading downgrading) - Steroids Type 2- E. Nodosum leprosum -Thalidomide Type 3 - Lucio reaction - vasculitis - Steroids

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13
Q

how many weeks after primary stage of syphilis does secondary stage happen?

A

9 weeks

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14
Q

Verruga paruana

A

The chronic stage of Oroya fever

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15
Q

First stage -indurated chancre, resolves, fevers, anular erythematous patches, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, then second stage of daytime somnolence

A

Sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomiasis)

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16
Q

White islands in a sea of red

A

Dengue fever

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17
Q

Another name for Frambesia

A

Yaws

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18
Q

What does the hobo spider look like?

A

Herringbone striped pattern on the abdomen

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19
Q

Patient with TB gets a deep nodule over the cervical lymph node

A

Scrofuloderma (seen in a sensitized host with low immunity) *route is contiguous spread from underlying lymphadenitis

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20
Q

Most common organism causing Majocchis granuloma

A

T. Rubrum

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21
Q

what stage syphilis is the maculopapular rash?

A

second

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22
Q

What do you treat a Type II leprosy reaction state with?

A

Thalidomide

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23
Q

Bacteria causing Oroya fever

A

Bartonella bacilliformis

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24
Q

Gram stain “school of fish”

A

Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid)

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25
Q

Treatment for Tinea Capitis

A

Griseofulvin 25mg

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26
Q

What causes MRSA to be resistant?

A

(PBP2a) Altered penicillin binding protein. Resulting from the mecA gene

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27
Q

R. akari

A

Rickettsialpox

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28
Q

Which deep fungal infection resembles molluscum in an HIV patient?

A

Coccidiomycosis

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29
Q

Name the four conditions associated with Bartonella infection

A

1.Ororya fever (fever, hemolytic anemia) 2. Cat scratch disease (lymphadenitis after cat scratch) 3. Bacillary Angiomatosis (lots of PGs, in HIV pts) 4. Trench fever (relapsing fever, sore shins, back pain, transient rash)

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30
Q

inflammatory skin plaque in the urinary tract which turns into a weeping or polypoid mass

A

Malakoplakia

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31
Q

Vector for Bacillary angiomatosis

A

lice, ticks, fleas

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32
Q

Undulant fever

A

Brucellosis

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33
Q

Fever, HA, myalgias, rash that spreads from hands and feet onto the body

A

RMSF

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34
Q

Name the pneumonic for fluorescent ectothrix

A

Cats (M. Canus) And (M. Audouninii) Dogs (M. Distortum) Fight (M. Ferrugineum) & Growl (M. Gypsum) Sometimes (T. Schoenleinii)

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35
Q

Which organism causes Favus?

A

T. Schoenleinii

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36
Q

Hebra nose

A

Rhinoscleroma

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37
Q

One to few erythematous papules at inoculation site which disappears, then new smaller lesions spread symmetrically over the body, finally can get gum at a, keratoderma, midfacial distruction

A

Yaws

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38
Q

Treatment for Lobomycosis

A

Surgical excision (antifungals are ineffective)

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39
Q

Winter bottoms sign associated with what tropical disease?

A

African sleeping sickness(African trypanosomiasis) caused by the tstste fly glossina spp

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40
Q

On what part of the hand do you usually find erosio interdigitalis blastomycosis?

A

Fingers - 3rd webspace Toes - 4th webspace

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41
Q

Acrodermatitis chronic atrophic and

A

Loss of subcutaneous fat w/thin atrophic skin associated with Lyme disease

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42
Q

What three diseases does the Ixodes Scapularis tick cause?

A

Lyme disease Babesiosis Erlichiosis (human granulocytic)

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43
Q

Name some infections (besides syphilis) that you use penicillin to treat with?

A

Haverhill fever/Rat bite fever Leptospirosis

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44
Q

Treatment for Haverhill/rat bite fever

A

Penicillin

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45
Q

A gardener gets a subcutaneous nodule, which ulcerates and then begins spreading up his leg. What is this? What does it look like on path? What is the treatment?

A

Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis Sporothirx asteroid body (yeast cell with surrounding eosinophilic fringe Treat with SSKI (supersaturated potassium iodide) *side note: the treatment for non lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis is just itraconazole

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46
Q

formal name of the BROWN DOG TICK

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

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47
Q

Tick causing Lyme disease in the wester US

A

Ixodes pacificus

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48
Q

stage of syphilis: mucous patches

A

second

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49
Q

What route is military tuberculosis spread?

A

Hematogenous

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50
Q

What wavelength does ectothrix fungi flouresce at?

A

365nm (365nm - earth, on a mercury (mercury) lamp made of nickel chromium oxide (planets) filter

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51
Q

What bacteria causes Rhinoscleroma

A

Klebsiella Pneumonia

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52
Q

Tender nodule on guy who cleans out fish tanks

A

Mycobacterium marinum

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53
Q

stage of syphilus: condyloma lata

A

second

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54
Q

What organism causes black Piedra?

A

Piedraia hortae

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55
Q

Name the findings of the second stage of syphilus

A

Maculopapular rash Condyloma lata Lues maligna alopecia mucous patches

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56
Q

You can get Parinaud-oculoglandular syndrome from what three conditions?

A

Sarcoidosis Tularemia Cat Scratch Disease (bartonella)

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57
Q

Non-venereal treponemal infection with white vitiligo-like lesions on the face, hands, wrists

A

Pinta (carate) caused by treponema carateum

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58
Q

Most common cause of tinea capitis

A

T. Tonsurans

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59
Q

A child comes home from school after being treated for a lice breakout in his school and he has a seizure. What was the drug he was most likely treated with?

A

Lindane

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60
Q

Thrombiculid

A

Chiggar mite which is a vector for Scrub Typhus

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61
Q

Bacteria causing Trench fever

A

Bartonella quintana

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62
Q

What two conditions do you treat with Streptomycin?

A

Tularemia and the Plague

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63
Q

Tiny blue-red papules which become crusted, seen mainly in infants or immunosuppressed patients, associated with TB

A

Military tuberculosis

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64
Q

Treatment for meningococcemia

A

High dose IV PCN or third gen cephalosporin

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65
Q

Bartonella infection associated with fever in Peru

A

Oroya fever

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66
Q

Treatment for Rat-bite/Haverhill fever

A

Streptomycin

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67
Q

Soft ticks - ornithodoros are the vector for what disease?

A

Tick-born relapsing fever

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68
Q

What is OVERALL (serologic, treponemal, nontreponemal, path stains ect) most sensitive and specific test to detect PRIMARY syphilis?

A

Darkfield microscropy *treponemal tests (FTA-ABS and MHA-TP) are the most sensitive and specific SEROLOGIC tests And the *nontreponemal tests (VDRL AND RPR) are the serologic tests used to track progress of treatment

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69
Q

Trichphytan concentricum causes:

A

Tinea Imbricata

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70
Q

What kind of virus is HCV, and what other diseases are caused by it?

A

Flavivirus -also causes Dengue fever and Yellow fever (RNA virus)

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71
Q

Which stain stains dematiaceous (pigment producing) fungi? Like Tinea Nigra

A

Fontana-Masson

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72
Q

What do you treat a Type I leprosy reaction state with?

A

Steroid (treat type II with Thalidomide)

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73
Q

What stain identifies spirochetes of syphilis?

A

Warthin Starry stain

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74
Q

R. Tsutsugamushi

A

Scrub Typhus

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75
Q

treatment for leishmaniasis

A

pentavalent antimonial (sodium stibogluconate)

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76
Q

Which syphilis tests become nonreactive over time, and especially after treatment?

A

The non-treponemal test (RPR, VDRL)

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77
Q

C. Tenuis VS C. Minutissimum - which one causes erythrasma and which one causes trichomycosis axillaris?

A

C. Minutissimum causes erythrasma C. Tenuis causes trichomycosis axillaris

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78
Q

How often does the head louse: Feed? Lay eggs?

A

Feeds every 4-6 hours Lays eggs every 5-10 days

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79
Q

What three antibodies become positive after infection with Group A Strep?

A

Antistreptolysin O (ASO), anti-hyaluronidase, anti-DNAse B

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80
Q

what stage of syphilis is the chancre?

A

primary stage

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81
Q

Organism causing Pinta (carate)

A

Treponema carateum

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82
Q

fistulous tract in the groin plus von hansemann cells and michaelis-gutmann bodies

A

Malakoplakia

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83
Q

Mikulicz cell, Russel bodies

A

Rhinoscleroma

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84
Q

Influenza is caused by what kind of virus?

A

Orthomyxovirus (RNA)

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85
Q

Name the two types of treponemal tests for syphilis

A

FTA-ABS MHA-TP *RPR and VDRL are NONtreponemal serologic tests

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86
Q

stage of syphilis: cardiovascular

A

tertiary

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87
Q

Michaelis-Guptmann bodies (von-Hansemann cells)

A

Malakoplakia

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88
Q

Dengue fever is caused by what kind of virus?

A

Flavivirus (RNA)

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89
Q

What two bacteria is the body louse (Pediculus humanus) a vector for?

A

Bartonella quintana (Trench fever) & Rickettsiae prowazekii (Endemic Typhus)

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90
Q

Treatment for general and non-general treponematoses

A

Benzathine PCN

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91
Q

R. Typhi

A

Endemic Typhus

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92
Q

Treatment for Malakoplakia

A

Cipro and surgical removal

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93
Q

Name two examples of gram positive rods

A

Corynebacteria and Anthrax

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94
Q

Measles and mumps are what kind of virus?

A

Paramyxovirus

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95
Q

What do you treat erysipelas with?

A

Penicillin

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96
Q

first, a fever and a hemolytic anemia then, erythematous papules and nodules which resol\ve spontaneously

A

Oroya fever

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97
Q

A person being treated for lepromatous leprosy has a severe reaction during treatment and develops vasculitis (E nodosum leprosum). What to treat with?

A

Thalidomide

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98
Q

Solitary red purple nodule on the finger or multiple cherry red nodules at site of inoculation -working with cows and baby calves

A

Milkers nodule - Parapox

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99
Q

What two conditions does t. Mentag cause

A

Bullous tinea and white superficial spreading onychomycosis

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100
Q

What nerve is commonly affected in early disseminated Lyme disease

A

Facial nerve

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101
Q

Painless subcutaneous papule which ulcerates with painful, beefy, red granulation tissue

A

Granuloma inguinale

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102
Q

Rabies caused by which kind of virus

A

Rhabdovirus

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103
Q

Organism causing endemic syphilis (Bejel disease)

A

Treponema pallidum (endemicum subtype)

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104
Q

Potential side effect of Pyrethrin lice treatment?

A

Allergy in person who is allergic to ragweed or cysanthemum (bc pryrethrin is made from crysanathemum)

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105
Q

Vector for cat scratch disease?

A

cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)

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106
Q

Treatment for onchocerciasis

A

Ivermectin or DEC (which causes the Mazzoti reaction)

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107
Q

Another name for Guinea worm disease

A

Dracunculiasis

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108
Q

culture medium used to diagnose leishmaniasis

A

Novy-McNeal-Nicolle

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109
Q

What other condition do coccidomycosis lesions in an HIV patient resemble?

A

Molluscum

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110
Q

What is scytalidium dimidatium and what do you treat it with?

A

The black nail! A dematiaceous (pigmented) fungus, treat with itraconazole

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111
Q

Finding in Lyme disease: loss of subcutaneous fate with thin atrophic skin

A

Acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans

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112
Q

What pigment producing chemical in psuedomonas produces the brown black pigment in pseudomonas?

A

Pyomelanin

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113
Q

Treatment for blastomycosis and also paracoccidio (South American blastomycosis)

A

Oral antifungal like itraconazole/ketoconazole

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114
Q

Subcutaneous inflammatory nodule with ulceration on posterior calves

A

Erythema induratum (Bazin)

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115
Q

Most common type of white superficial spreading onychomycosis

A

T. Mentag. (But in HIV patients, T rubrum is the most common for white superficial spreading)

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116
Q

Ulcerated nodule at inoculated site with regional lymphadenopathy, plus little nodules along the lymph nodes -nasal septal perforation

A

Glanders (*and those little buds along side the lypmh nodes are called farcy buds)

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117
Q

Name the live attenuated viruses

A

Influenza nasal spray Measles Mumps Rubella BCG Yellow fever Polio oral Typhoid oral

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118
Q

People with HLA-DQ1 are more likely to form which type of leprosy?

A

Lepromatous (TH2 response)

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119
Q

What does the Warthin Starry stain detecT?

A

Syphilis spirochetes

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120
Q

Which antifungal can cause drug induced LE?

A

Terbinafine and Griseofulvin

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121
Q

R. Prowazekii

A

Epidemic Typhus (Louse born)

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122
Q

Streptobacillus moniliformis

A

Rat-Bite fever

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123
Q

What do you treat Oroya fever with?

A

Chloramphenicol

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124
Q

What does R. conorri cause?

A

Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse fever)

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125
Q

Name two diseases that the body louse (Pediculus humanus) is a vector for:

A

Trench fever & Endemic typhus

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126
Q

What is a favorable sign in pulmonary coccidiomycosis?

A

Erythema nodosum

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127
Q

stage of syphilis: neurosyphilus

A

tertiary

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128
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

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129
Q

Mexican who is harvesting chicle gum in the forest gets a ulceration on his ear.

A

Chiclets ulcer - caused by new world Leichmaniasis

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130
Q

The plaque is transmitted by what animal

A

flea bites

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131
Q

What type of virus is Orf caused by?

A

Parapox

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132
Q

What bacteria causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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133
Q

Flea borne Typhus

A

Endemic Typhus

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134
Q

Recurrent meningitis patients may have a defect in what cellular pathway component

A

C5-9

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135
Q

Treatment for the plague

A

Streptomycin

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136
Q

Tick borne relapsing fever caused by what vector

A

Soft ticks - ornithodoros

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137
Q

A patient has sore shins, relapsing fever, back pain, transient rash

A

Trench fever

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138
Q

What is the most common gram negative infection that we deal with in dermatology in the US?

A

Pseudomonas

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139
Q

Which atypical mycobacterium are photochromagens? (Pigmentation on exposure to light)

A

M. Kansasii M. Mariunum M. Simiae *monkey swim in kansas in the summer

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140
Q

Treatment for Chagas’ disease

A

Nitrofurtimox/benznidazole

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141
Q

Treatment for vibrio

A

Doxycycline

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142
Q

Vector for Endemic Typhus

A

Rat flea (Xenopsylla Cheops) * Everything is bigger EN teXas)

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143
Q

PPD positive how many days after exposure?

A

2-10 weeks

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144
Q

Burkholderia mallei

A

Glanders

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145
Q

Difference between Ecthyma and Ecthyma Gangrenosum

A

Ecthyma is a strep infection - treat with dicloxacillin Ecthyma gangrenosum is a pseudomonal infection - treat with IV amminoglycoside

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146
Q

Malta fever

A

Brucellosis

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147
Q

Name the three photochromagen atypical mycobacteria

A

M. Kansasii M. Marinum M. Simiae *monkey swim in kansas in the sun

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148
Q

What is different about the clinical presentation of scabies in kids vs adults?

A

Can see it on the scalp and face in kids

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149
Q

Warthin-Starry stain

A

Bacillary Angiomatosis

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150
Q

Treatment for Glanders

A

Streptomycin

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151
Q

What to treat erythrasma with? And what is it caused by

A

Caused by corynebacterium minutissimum and you treat with topical clindamycin

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152
Q

Treatment for Tularemia

A

Streptomycin

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153
Q

Ketoconazole - fungistatic or fungicidal?>

A

Fungistatic

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154
Q

Buruli ulcer

A

M. Ulcerans (atypical mycobacteria) presents as a growing ulcer on the abdomen of a child in Africa. Treatment is excision

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155
Q

Leptospira interrogans

A

Leptospirosis

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156
Q

Bacteria causing Granuloma inguinale

A

Calymmatobacterium granulomatosis (related to Klebsiella)

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157
Q

Treatment for Cryptococcus?

A

Amphotericin B +/- flucytosine

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158
Q

Painful pretibial plaques

A

Leptospirosis

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159
Q

what infectious disease do hunters get?

A

Tularemia

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160
Q

Gram negative intracellular bacteria Transmitted by insects Adheres to and invades erythrocytes

A

Bartonella

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161
Q

Which types of Leichmaniasis cause Visceral (Kala-azar)?

A

L. Donovani L. Infantry L. Changasi

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162
Q

Name the bacteria and vectors for all of the bartonella causing diseases:

A
  1. Oroya fever - bartonella bacilliformis - sandfly(Lutzomyia verrucarum) 2. Cat scratch disease - bartonella henselae - cat flea(ctenocejphalidis felis) 3. Bacillary angiomatosis - bartonella henselae, quintana - ticks, lice, fle 4. Trench fever - bartonella quintana - body louse (pediculus humanas)
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163
Q

What is the aminoglycoside used to treat glanders, brucellosis, plague, ratbite fever, tularemia

A

Streptomycin

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164
Q

People with HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3 are more prone to form which type of leprosy?

A

Tuberculoid (TH1 response)

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165
Q

Tick that carries RMSF

A

Dermacentor andersoni (wood tick western US) Dermacentor variabilis (dog tick in eastern US)

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166
Q

Treatment for chromobrlastomycosis

A

Surgery and/or itraconazole

167
Q

How long after exposure to TB will your PPD become positive?

A

2-10 weeks

168
Q

Fever, erythema, then bullae and desquamation in the body folds

A

Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome

169
Q

Tick causing Lyme disease in Europe

A

Ixodes ricinus

170
Q

What organism causes Chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

171
Q

Infectious granulomas in nasal mucosa and respiratory tracat, epistaxis, destruction of nasal cartilage

A

Rhinoscleroma

172
Q

What stain do you use to identify bacillary angiomatosus?

A

Warthin-Starry

173
Q

Old school lice treatment Lindane, and organochloride, no longer first line because of what potential complication

A

Neural toxicity (seizures, confusion)

174
Q

which syphilis tests can you get false positive results with? (i.e. are also positive in many other diseases)

175
Q

stage of syphilus: lues maligna

176
Q

Treatment for cutaneous larva migrans

A

Topical thiabendazole OR oral ivermectin

177
Q

Vaccinia caused by what kind of virus?

A

Orthopox, leading tot he vaccinia virus

178
Q

Jumping spider has what kind of toxin

A

Hyaluronidase (“jump high”

179
Q

What antibiotic is good to use if pt allergic to PCN?

A

Erythromycin

180
Q

What chemical causes pseudomonas to flouresce?

A

Pyocyanine

181
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil

A

Tertiary syphilius

182
Q

What cutaneous infectious diseases does Streptomycin treat?

A

Glanders Brucellosis Plague Tularemia Rat-bite Fever *basically all of the weird gram negative ones. Streptomycin is an amminoglycoside!

183
Q

What is the most pathogenic form of strep?

A

Group A beta-hemolytic strep

184
Q

What chemical causes ectothrix to flouresce?

185
Q

Cause of bullous tinea pedis

A

T. Mentagrophytes

186
Q

Katayama fever

A

Acute form of schistosomiasis *Treatment with praziquantel

187
Q

Treatment for Rhinoscleroma

188
Q

What disease does the Dermacenter tick (American dog tick) cause?

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

189
Q

Meat handlers/fish handlers get this gram positive disease

A

Erysipeloid (painful red purple patches on the hands)

190
Q

What do you treat erythema nodosum leprosum with?

A

Thalidomide

191
Q

Stewart Treves syndrome

A

Development of angiosarc in the setting of chronic lymphedema

192
Q

What type of bacteria is corynebacteria?

A

Gram positive rod

193
Q

Treatment for mycetoma

A

Oral antifungal (itraconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin) and debridement

194
Q

Which is the only flourescent Trichophyton ectothrix

A

T. Schoenleinii (the rest of them are M. Canus)

195
Q

Treatment for Brucellosis

A

Streptomycin or Doxy with Rifampin

196
Q

Treatment for severe cases of histoplasmosis, less severe cases?

A

Severe cases - amphotericin B Nonsevere cases - Ketoconazole

197
Q

What stain outlines fungi magenta with green background?

198
Q

what is the most sensitive test for primary syphilis?

A

FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test)

199
Q

What is the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)

A

Associated with increased virulence in CA-MRSA infections

200
Q

farcy buds

201
Q

What is the chemical that tinea versicolor produces which causes hypopigmentation?

A

Azelaic acid

202
Q

What do you give to pregnant women to treat Lyme disease?

A

Amoxicillin (doxycycline in normal folks)

203
Q

Another name for African Trypanosomiasis

A

Sleeping sickness

204
Q

What drugs used to treat Gpositives

A

PCN Erythromycin Kephlex

205
Q

Lutzomyia verrucarum

A

sandlfl\y that is the vector for Oroya fever

206
Q

Name two diseases that present similarly to anthrax?

207
Q

This spider’s toxin is spingomyelinase D

A

Brown recluse (Loxoseles reclusa)

208
Q

What do you treat Loiasis with?

209
Q

infection caused by contact with infected horses

210
Q

how long after infection with primary syphilis will the FTA-ABS test become positive?

211
Q

Which increases the risk of transmitting HSV infection from mom to fetus more: -primary infx of the mom vs secondary infx of the mom

A

PRIMARY infection has a MUCH higher risk of transmission (25-50%) VS Secondary infection (2-5%)

212
Q

Ctenocephalides felis

A

the cat flea, vector in cat scratch disease

213
Q

What are the two most sensitive and specific tests for syphilis Also Which is the first serologic test to become positive in syphilis?

A
  1. Most sensitive/specific = treponemal tests (FTA-ABS and MHA-TP) 2. Quickest to become positive: nontreponemal (RPR/VDRL)
214
Q

What is the vector for Oroya fever?

A

sandfly (Lutzomyia verrucarum)

215
Q

At what temperature is histo a yeast and at what temp does it have septae

A

25 degrees it has hyphae and septae (when you are 25 you get high*) 37 degrees it is a yeast (think has a bun in the oven)

216
Q

What is a risk in using Malathion as a lice treatment?

217
Q

C. Minutissimum causes what condition

A

Erythrasma

218
Q

Cat scratch disease can also cause what syndrome in common with sarcoid?

A

Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome : unilateral conjunctivitis and regional lymphadenitis *sidenote tularemia can cause this too!!

219
Q

Name the ONLY single stranded virus

A

Parvovirus. *leutinant parvin from cedarville

220
Q

Yellow fever is caused by what kind of virus?

A

Flavivirus (RNA)

221
Q

Firm bluish tumor or plaque appearing on the ear lobes of children or the nipples of adults

A

Borrelial lymphocytoma (lymphocytoma cutis). Caused by b. Afzelli or borriela garinii both only present in Europe

222
Q

What do you treat the lymphocutaneous form of sporotrichosis with?

A

SSKI (super-saturated potassium iodide)

223
Q

What do you treat the plaque with?

A

Streptomycin

224
Q

Pastias lines

A

Linear petechiael streaks along body folds in Scarlett fever

225
Q

stage of syphilus:gumma

226
Q

other name for Carrions disease

A

Oroya Fever

227
Q

Liponyssoides sanguineus

A

Mouse Mite (causes Rickettsialpox)

228
Q

Shinebone fever also called

A

Trench fever

229
Q

What causes tinea imbricata?

A

T. Concentricum

230
Q

What is the Lucio reaction?

A

It is the Type 3 leprosy reaction state in which the patient with lepromatous leprosy develops extensive severe vasculitis

231
Q

Which two cutaneous manifestations of TB are from an exogenous route, and what is the difference between the two?

A

Tuberous chancre - in a nonsensitized person Tuberculosis verrucousa cutis - re-inoculation of a previously sensitized person

232
Q

Guarneri bodies

233
Q

Treatment for amebiasis

A

Oral metronidazole

234
Q

What do you use to culture Leichmeniasis?

A

NNN culture (Novy-mcNeal-Nicole)

235
Q

Treat furuncle on the face near the midline with antibiotics because of the risk of what

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

236
Q

B. Garinii B. Afzelli cause what condition?

A

Borrelial lymphocytoma (firm bluish tumor or plaque on the earlobes of children, nipples of adults)

237
Q

treatment for visceral leishmaniasis

A

amphotericin B

238
Q

Treatment for scytalidium dimidatum

A

Itraconazole

239
Q

IL-2, TNF-alpha, IFN-beta are all cytokines seen in what kind of response?

A

Cell-mediated immune response (TH1)

240
Q

Jarish-Herxheimer reaction

A

febrile systemic reaction after the inital dose of antisyphilitic treatment, occurs in abt 75% of patients -mediated by TNF-alpha

241
Q

Most common new-world species of Leichmaniasis

A

L. Braziliensis

242
Q

Name the causes of mucocutaneous Leichmaniasis

A

Old world - L. Aethipica New world - L. Brazillensis, L. Peruviana

243
Q

What does the body louse Pediculus humanus also cause besides Trench fever?

A

Epidemic typhus Relapsing fever

244
Q

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

A

Tick vector for Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse fever)

245
Q

Vector for African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping sickness)

A

Tsetse fly (glossina spp.)

246
Q

Ambylomma Americanum tick causes what disease

A

RMSF, Ehrlichiosis

247
Q

Which lice treatment is derived from crysanthemums?

A

Pryrethrin

248
Q

Treatment for schistosomiasis

A

Praziquantel

249
Q

Treatment of Chancroid

A

Azithromycin 1g or Ceftriaxone IM

250
Q

Name the bacteria and vector of Boutonnesuese fever

A

R. conorii Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)

251
Q

another name for Peruvian wart

A

Oroya Fever

252
Q

Treatment for fish tank granuloma (m. Marinum)

A

Minocycline!

253
Q

What is the culture medium to grow leprosy?

A

None! There is no culture medium trick question. It can only be grown in mouse foot pad or non-banded armadillo

254
Q

Another name for Loasis

A

Calabar swelling

255
Q

Anclostoma braziliense

A

Cutaneous larva migrans

256
Q

Which cutaneous manifestation of TB occurs in a person with the highest immunity?

A

Lupus vulgaris

257
Q

When is a leprosy patient considered no longer infectious during her treatment?

A

AFTER THE FIRST DOSE OF RIFAMPIN AND DAPSONE

258
Q

Treatment for toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine with pyrimethamine

259
Q

Painful erythematous papule ulcerated in the oral cavity with TB

A

Tuberculosis cutis orificialis

260
Q

Buruli ulcer (bacteria that causes)

A

M. Ulcerans (this is an atypical mycobacterium *ulcer on the hand after minor trauma - associated with agricultural activities

261
Q

What cytokine is the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction mediated by?

262
Q

tabes dorsalis

A

tertiary syphilis

263
Q

What is eczema vaccinatum?

A

Diffuse infection at the site of inoculation of a vaccine in atopic patients

264
Q

What disease is Tache noir associated with?

A

Boutonnese fever (Meditteranean spotted fever)

265
Q

Painful pretibial plaques, conjunctivitis, jaundice, diffuse extanthum

A

Leptospirosis

266
Q

What is the acute form of schistosomiasis called

A

Katayama fever

267
Q

Which type of leprosy is cell mediated vs not?

A

Cell mediated - Tuberculid (CD4 cell prominence :/) Non cell mediated - Lepromatous (CD8 cell prominence :/)

268
Q

Vector for trench fever

A

body louse (Pediculus humanus var. corporis)

269
Q

In which parasitic infection do you get wheezing puritis and urticaria as the worm migrates from the GI tract to lower leg skin?

A

Draculinosis

270
Q

Cat scratch disease is caused by what bacteria?>

A

Bartonella henselae

271
Q

What is the antigen that mediates TSS caused by: Staph Vs Strep Choices: ET-A/ET-B vs SPE-A

A

Staph - ET-A/ET-B Strep - SPE-A

272
Q

What is the BCG vaccine?

A

Live attenuated TB vaccine with bacteria M. Bovis

273
Q

What organism causes white piedra?

A

Trichosporon cutaneum (*cute little white spores!)

274
Q

Name the two exotoxins formed by anthrax and name what they each do

A

Edema toxin - increases cAMP levels & Lethal toxin - increases TNFalpha and IL1b

275
Q

Mite borne Typhus

A

Scrub Typhus

276
Q

Erythematous tender papules and nodules resembling multiple PGs, seen mainly in HIV patients

A

Bacillary angiomatosis

277
Q

Culture medium for atypical mycobacteria

A

Ziehl-Nelson stain; Lowenstein Jensen culture medium

278
Q

Most common type of tinea pedis

A

T. Rubrum, T. Floccasum

279
Q

What do you treat psuedomonal folliculitis with? (Hot tub folliculitis)

A

NOTHING. It is self limited

280
Q

Another name for Donovanosis

A

Granuloma inguinale

281
Q

What is the second most (and most inflammatory) cause of tinea capitis?

282
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Lyme disease

283
Q

Streptobacillus moniliformis

A

Rat-bite/Haverhill fever

284
Q

What kind of virus is rubella?

285
Q

What part of the body is strep a normal flora?

A

Vagina and aerodigestive tract

286
Q

Treatment for Buruli Ulcer

A

Excision! (Drug therapy is disappointing)

287
Q

Best site for biopsy of rabies

288
Q

how long after initial infection does the tertiary stage of syphilis happen

289
Q

RPR and VDRL are not positive until how long?

A

Not until at least one week after chancre appears (as opposed to 3 weeks after infection in the FTA-ABS test)

290
Q

Bacteria that causes bacillary angiomatosis

A

Bartonella quintana Bartonella henselae

291
Q

Eikenella corrodens

A

Human bite

292
Q

stage of syphilus: alopecia

293
Q

-infection seen in butchers, farmers, vets -cyclic fevers, arthralgias, hepatosplenomegaly with sometimes a papulonodular eruption -direct contact with meat or dairy unpasterized milk

A

Brucellosis

294
Q

Most common cause of onychomycosis

295
Q

Pitted keratolysis caused by what bacteria?

A

Corynebacterium or kytococcus sedentarius

296
Q

Direct inoculation of TB presenting as a painless red-brown papule at the inoculation site

A

Tuberculous chancre (seen in non-sensitized host with no prior immunity)

297
Q

What chemical causes corynebacterium to flouresce?

A

Copoporphyrin III

298
Q

Pasteurella multocida

299
Q

A patient treated for syphilis with IM benzathine PCN, and then gets an intense febrile reaction - what happened?

A

Jarish-Herxheimer reaction

300
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Organism causing filariasis

301
Q

What kind of fungus (endothrix ectothrix fluorescent, nonfluorescent) is T. Schoenleinii

A

Ectothrix flourescent

302
Q

River blindness

A

Onchocerciasis

303
Q

Which ticks cause Human Erlichosis?

A

Amblyomma and Ixodes scapularis

304
Q

In what diseases can you get a positive RPR/VDRL?

A

syphilis lupus pregnancty malaria old age

305
Q

which syphilis test would you choose to tract the progress of treatment, and is expressed in a titer form?

306
Q

Treatment of Dracuculiasis

A

Thiabendazole

307
Q

Which venereal disease has Donovan bodies and russel bodies on path?

A

Granuloma inguinale

308
Q

Name a few other names for Leptospriosis

A

For Bragg fever Pretibial fever Weil disease

309
Q

Quickly name the atypical mycobacteria

A

M. Marinum - fishtank granuloma M. Ulcerans - Buruli ulcer M. Fortuitum - fast growing M. Adium complex - lung, immunosuppressed M. Kansasii - photochromagens

310
Q

Organism causing cutaneous larva migrans

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

311
Q

Vector in Loiasis

A

Deer or mango fly (Chrysops) *because Loiasis makes you a cyclops after it gets in one eye

312
Q

Madura foot (Actinomycetoma) with grain color:Pink/cream

A

Actinomadura Madurai

313
Q

Treatment for fast growing mycobacterial infection (FAC)

A

Clarithromycin

314
Q

What three protozoan infections do you treat with DEC?

A

Onchocerciasis Loiasis Filariasis

315
Q

Which is the only leprosy reactional state that you dont treat with steroids?

A

Type 2 E Nodosum leprosum - treat with Thalidomide!!!!

316
Q

What an atomic structure does Ramsey Hunt syndrome involve?

A

HSV of the geniculate ganglion

317
Q

Name four diseases caused by Corynebacterium

A

Erythrasma Trichomycosis Axillaris Pitted Keratolysis Cutaneous Diptheria

318
Q

What wavelength, material, and filter is a Woods lamp?

A

365nm mercury lamp with a nickel chromium oxide filter

319
Q

“Black-fever”

A

“Kala-azar” visceral systemic Leichmaniasis - caused by L. Donovani

320
Q

Someone has a pet flying squirrel and they get a rash - what did they get?

A

Epidemic Typhus (R. Prowazekii), reservoir is the flying squirrel, vector is the body louse

321
Q

Treatment for Erysipeloid?

A

*fish handlers disease, seen in butchers, meat-handlers, red in the third webspace of fingers Treat with PCN or Erythromycin if PCN allergy

322
Q

Name the 4 lice treatments and their side effects

A
  1. Malathion - flammable 2. Lindaine - neural toxicity 3. Pyrmetherin - none. High resistance 4. Pyrethrin - cross reaction with crysanthemums/ragweed
323
Q

which syphilis test remains positive even after treatment? and which one doesnt?

A

remains positive after treatment: FTA-ABS doesnt: RPR,VDRL

324
Q

Madura foot (Actinomycetoma) with grain color: Yellow or brown

A

Streptomyces

325
Q

Pentamidine and suramin are treatments for what tropical disease?

A

African sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomiasis, caused by tsetse fly)

326
Q

What significant clinically about smallpox?

A

Vesicles all in the same stage of development

327
Q

Tick causing Lyme disease in the eastern US

A

Ixodes dammini (Ixodes scapularis)

328
Q

Haverhill fever

A

rate bite fever

329
Q

Maculae Caerulea

A

Slate gray or blue macules on the pubis of people with pubic lice (phthirus pubis)

330
Q

Treatment for Malakoplakia

331
Q

Treatment for Burulli ulcer

332
Q

Name the dsDNA viruses

A

Herpesvirus Hepadenovirus (HBV) Adenovirus Poxvirus Papilloma virus Parvovirus (the only ssDNA)

333
Q

Which can flouresce, endothrix or ectothrix fungi?

A

Some of ectothrix can

334
Q

Louse born Typhus

A

Epidemic Typhus

335
Q

What is the live virus used for the smallpox vaccine called?

336
Q

Larva currens

A

Strongyloides

337
Q

What do you treat a fish tank granuloma with?

A

Minocycline

338
Q

Which spider’s web is funnel shaped?

A

Hobo spider

339
Q

RSV is what kind of virus

A

Paramyxovirus

340
Q

Which stain stains the capsule of cyrptococcus?

A

Mucicarmine

341
Q

“The groove sign”

A

Pathopneumonic in Lymphogranuloma venerem - which is the enlargement of the femoral lymph nodes, separated by Poupart ligament

342
Q

Bartonella henselae causes what disease?

A

Cat scratch disease

343
Q

Organism which causes Yaws

A

Treponemum pallidum (subspecies pertunue)

344
Q

Virchow cells

A

Foamy histiocytes containing M. Leprae in lepromatous leprosy

345
Q

Which lice remedy should you not give if treating someone with allergy to ragweed or crysanthemums?

346
Q

Which fungus is endothrix and ectothrix

347
Q

What is the candidal infection in between the third and fourth webspace of the finger called?

A

Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica

348
Q

infection cause by direct contact with infected animal or ingestion of dairy (unpasterized) infected meat

A

Brucellosis

349
Q

pentavalent antimonial is used to treat which disease

A

cutaneous leishmaniasis

350
Q

Madura foot (Actinomycetoma) with grain color: Red

A

Actinomadura pelletieri

351
Q

What are the Conventional treatment of anthrax? Bioterrorism treatment of anthrax?

A

Conventional is - PCN Bioterrorism is cipro or doxy

352
Q

What do you treat treatment resistant HSV with?

353
Q

What does togavirus give you?

354
Q

Name all of the conditions caused by a pox virus?

A

Molluscum Orf Miller’s nodule Vaccinia Smallpox Cowpox

355
Q

What is the most common cutaneous manifestation of TB?

A

Tuberculosis verrucousa cutis (Warty TB) *presents as a small indurated hyperkeratotic papule or warty plaque with serpiginous border *route is exogenous - reinfection with direct inoculation at the site of trauma

356
Q

Treatment for Brucellosis

A

Doxycycline

357
Q

Coxiella Burnetii

358
Q

Calabar swelling

A

Another name for Loiasis

359
Q

Lues maligna

A

crusted necrotic papulopustular lesions in second stage of syphilus

360
Q

What chemical in a pseudomonas infection produces the green-blue pigment?

361
Q

HIV and HTLV are what kind of viruses?

A

Retrovirus

362
Q

What is a stain you can use to determine Kaposis?

A

HHV -8 (or another name for it is the LANA-1 stain)

363
Q

This syphilis test detects IgM/IgG to a “reagin” which is a mixture of cardiolipin, l\ecithin, and cholesterol

A

RPR AND VDRL

364
Q

Old world Leichmaniasis vector New world Leichmaniasis vector

A

(Both sandfly) Old world:Phlebotomus New world: Lutzomyia

365
Q

Streptobacillus moniliformis causes what disease?

A

Ratbite fever/Haverhill fever

366
Q

What disease is caused by a mouse mite bite?

A

Rickettsial pox

367
Q

What three diseases are caused by pediculus humanus var. coporis

A

Louse born relapsing fever Epidemic typhus Trench fever

368
Q

Brown recluse spider’s toxin

A

Spingomyelinase D

369
Q

IL-4, IL-10 represent which type of immune response?

A

Humoral/antibody mediated (TH2)

370
Q

What stain outlines fungi black?

371
Q

Treatment for strongyloides (larva currens)

A

Albendazole, thiabendazole, ivermectin

372
Q

Another name for Boutonneuse fever

A

Mediterranean spotted fever

373
Q

What is the pneumonic for endothrix?

A

Ringo (t. Rubrum) Gave (t. Gourvilli) Yoko (t. Yaoundé) Two (t. Tonsurans) Squeaky (t. Soudanese) Violins (t. Violaceum)

374
Q

Treatment for Glanders

A

Streptomycin, or doxycycline

375
Q

Gamma Favre bodies

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

376
Q

Apple jelly red-brown nodules involving the face or neck in a patient with TB

A

Lupus vulgaris *associated with the highest immunity

377
Q

Name one disease you treat with Thalidomide?

A

Erythema nodosum leprosum

378
Q

Vector for Dracunculiasis

A

Infected water crustaceans (cyclops) *remember though that Chrysops which is a deer or mango fly causes Loiasis bc you turn into a cyclops bc it gets in your eye

379
Q

Surgical abdomen after a spider bite -which spider?

A

Black widow (lactodectus mactans).

380
Q

Rickettsiae Rickettsii

381
Q

Bartonella quintana

A

Bacillary angiomatosis

382
Q

Name the findings in the tertiary stage of syphilis

A

Gumma (syphilitic granulomas) cardiovascular syphilis Neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis, Argyll Robertson pupil)

383
Q

Term for infection of raw seafood eating

384
Q

Treatment for sporotrichosis

A

Itraconazole or supersaturated potassium iodide (for lypmhocutaneous form)

385
Q

What syndrome can be caused by cat scratch disease, tularemia, and sarcoid?

A

Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome (ipsilateral conjuncitivis and regional lymphadenopathy)

386
Q

What gene encodes the PCP2a protein (causing MRSA resistance)

387
Q

What chemical in pseudomonas produces the green-yellow pigment?

A

Fluorescein

388
Q

Subcutaneous swelling and conjunctivitis of the eye with a parasite

389
Q

Diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki

A

Crash and Burn Fever (burn) C-conjunctivitis R-rash A-adenopathy S-strawberry tongue H-hands and feet

390
Q

What is the name of the vector for Oroya fever?

A

Lutzomyia verrucarum (sandfly)

391
Q

Which rickettsial borne illness has a negative Weil-Felix test?

A

Rickettsialpox

392
Q

Vector for Scrub Typhus

A

Chiggar mites (Trombiculid)

393
Q

Black widow spider releases what toxin?

A

Alpha-latrotoxin (Depolarizes neurons)

394
Q

Name some paramyxovirus

A

Measles, mumps, RSV

395
Q

Capnoctytophaga canimorsus Pasteurella canis Pasturpella multocida

396
Q

Treatment for Vibrio

A

Tetracycline

397
Q

How do you treat crabs?

A

Same as head lice (it is lice of the pubic hair)

398
Q

Gamma-Favre bodies

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum (Chlamydia trachomatis)

399
Q

Recurrent meningitis in patients with what type of complement deficiency?

400
Q

Wolf spider has what kind of toxin?

401
Q

Culture medium for Leichmeniasis

402
Q

Tache noir

A

indurated papule at the site of a tick bite which leads to a necrotic ulcer (seen in Meditteranean Spotted fever)

403
Q

Tapir face

A

Perforation of the nasal septum in Mucocutaneous Leichmaniasis (predominantly New World L. Brazilinesis

404
Q

Tinea corporis aquired from the soil - what organism?

405
Q

Ridged wart HPV type

406
Q

Sub cutaneous nodules containing worms, depigmentation on lower legs, vision loss

A

Onchocerciasis (river blindness)

407
Q

Novy-mcNeal-Nicole culture medium

A

Leichmeniasis

408
Q

What percent of cases is RMSF “spotless”

409
Q

Which bacteria causes Q fever?

A

Coxiella Burnett I

410
Q

Name the disease caused by Haemophilus ducreyi

411
Q

Tinea imbricata cause by:

A

T. Concentricum

412
Q

What do you use to treat RMSF in pregnant ladies?

A

Chloramphenicol (usually treat with Doxy)

413
Q

Ecthyma gangrenosum is caused by what bacteria

A

Pseudomonas

414
Q

Treatment for filariasis

DERMATOLOGY Premade cards (15 decks)

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