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peds 2 > infectious dz > Flashcards

infectious dz Flashcards

1
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the bronchioles/small airways
bronchioles obstreucted w/ mucus and edema–> air trapped–> wheezing

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2
Q

average age of bronchiolitis vs bronchitis

A

bronchiolitis is typically less than 2 years old

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3
Q

most common cause of bronchiolitis

A

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

late fall & winter; can be afebrile

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4
Q

common cause of croup

A

parainfluenzae

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5
Q
  • lower resp tract in young kids
  • only URI sx most times followed in 1-3 days w/ wheezing, worse cough, dyspnea
A

RSV bronchiolitis

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6
Q

diagnostic testing for RSV bronchilitis

A

nucleic acid testing

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7
Q

treatment of bronchiolitis

A

supplemental oxygen PRN
saline nose drops & suctioning PRN

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8
Q

6 indications for hospitalization for CAP

A
  • Hypoxemic – O2< 90%
  • Age < 6 months
  • Toxic appearance
  • Respiratory distress
  • Known pathogen with increased virulence
  • uncertain of adherence to tx at home
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9
Q

tachypnea in under 2 mo vs 1 yr vs 5 yrs

A
  • under 2 mo: over 60
  • under 1 yo: over 50
  • under 5 yo: over 40
  • over 5yo: over 20
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10
Q

most common cause of pneumonia in under 3 months vs under 4 yrs vs over 5 yrs

A
  • under 3 months: chlamydia trachomatis, RSV, HMPV, B pertusis
  • under 4 yo: RSV, HMPV, flu, mycoplasma
  • over 5: mycoplasma, chlamydophilia pneumo.

s. pneumo in all age groups

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11
Q

4 signs of meningitis in infants

A
  • constant or weak crying
  • increased sleeping/lethargic
  • vomiting
  • bulging fontanelle- but not always
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12
Q

which age group is bacterial vs viral pneumonai more common

A
  • bacterial is more in under 3mo
  • preschool is most likely viral
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13
Q

expected CBC finding with bacterial meningitis

A

WBC over 15k w/ bandemia

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14
Q

CSF findings for bacterial meningitis (3)

A
  • glucose under 40
  • protein over 50
  • polymorphonuclear cells
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15
Q

3 most common bacterial meningitis etiologies in under 1 month

A
  • ecoli
  • GBS
  • listeria mono.
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16
Q

two most common bacterial etiologies in 1 mo. to 10 y.o

A

s. pneumo
n. meningitidis

17
Q

most common bacterial etiology for bacterial meningitits

A

N. meningitidis

18
Q

empiric tx for bacterial meningitis in onver 1 month old

A

vancomycin and ceftriaxone

19
Q

tx of bacterial meningitis d/t N. meningitidis

A

ceftriaxone for 5-7days

20
Q

2 things recommended after meningitis resolves

A

hearing test
neurodevelopmental f/u

21
Q

most common cause of viral meningitis

A

enterovirus

22
Q

how is viral meningitis diagnosed

A

NAT of CSF-multiplex PCR

23
Q
  • altered mental status
  • seizures
  • behavioral or personal changes
  • focal neurologic signs
A

encephalitis

24
Q

most common cause of encephalitis

A

viral (HSV, enterovirus, arbovirus)

25
Q

other than viral etiologies, other treatable cause of encephalitis

A

rickettsia– Rocky Mountain SF, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetti, Ehrlichia chaffeensis

doxycycline

26
Q

gram negative coccobacillus blood culture with meningitis

A

Neisseria meningitidis

27
Q

Vasculitis with N. meningitidis

A

inflammation and damage of small blood vessels that progresses very fast

seen less d/t meningococcal vaccines that tend to target N. meningitidis

28
Q

diff between SIRS and sepsis

A
  • SIRS– dysregulation of the immune response
  • Sepsis is SIRS in presence of known or suspected infection
    all septic patients have SIRS but not all SIRS patients have sepsis

definition is different in adults

29
Q

criteria for peds SIRS

A
  • core temp over 38.5 or under 36
  • tachycardia or brady in under 1 month old
  • tachypnea
  • elevated or depressed WBC

also could have delayed refill, cool extremities, ARDS

30
Q

when do you typically see hypotension in children

A

late

peds 2 (10 decks)

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