Infectious Diseases PT.1

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

A microorganism that causes disease

Question 2

Virus

Answer 2

A microorganism that takes over our body cells and rapidly reproduces inside of them causing disease

Question 3

Bacteria

Answer 3

Single called microorganisms that reproduce very rapidly. Some are useful but others can release toxins and cause disease

Question 4

Fungi

Answer 4

A wide variety of organisms that reproduce by spores, including mushrooms and molds

Question 5

Protist

Answer 5

Organisms that don’t fit in plants, bacteria, animal or fungi. Basically misc.

Question 6

Toxin

Answer 6

A poison produced by bacterial cells that make us feel the symptoms of disease

Question 7

Physical barriers

Answer 7

Defense mechanisms we have to prevent pathogens from entering the blood

Question 8

Antimicrobial secretion

Answer 8

A fluid released from glands that help to kill microbes

Question 9

Cilia and mucus

Answer 9

These line our airways. Pathogens get trapped in the mucus, and the cilia beat to waft the pathogen away from the lungs

Question 10

Stomach acid

Answer 10

This Serves to kill any pathogens in the food that we eat

Question 11

Immune system

Answer 11

The body system that recognizes and destroys foreign cells proteins, such as invading pathogens

Question 12

Phagocytosis

Answer 12

White blood cells call phagocytes engulf pathogens and release enzymes to break them down

Question 13

Antigen

Answer 13

The unique protein marker on every cell that identifies it to bed “self” (belonging to the body) or “foreign”

Question 14

Antibody

Answer 14

A specific molecule called lymphocyte. They attach on to complimentary antigens and destroy pathogens

Question 15

Antitoxin

Answer 15

A molecule that binds onto the toxins produced by some pathogens and neutralizes them

Question 16

Vaccination

Answer 16

The introduction of dead or weakened pathogens to simulate the production of antibodies by the white blood cells. This makes the person immune in the future

Question 17

Memory cell

Answer 17

These remain in our blood once our immune system has has detected and destroyed a pathogen and lead to immunity

Question 18

Primary immune response

Answer 18

The first time we encounter a pathogen the response is slow and a relatively small number of pathogens are produced. It takes longer to kill the pathogen.

Question 19

Secondary immune response

Answer 19

The second time we encounter the same pathogen, due to memory cells, antibody production is very rapid and due to this the time to destroy the pathogen is quick.

Question 20

Herd immunity

Answer 20

When a significant amount of the population is vaccinated, there is less chance of coming into contact with someone infected. Lowering the spread on the disease