Cell Structure And Cell Division Flashcards
Eukaryotic cell
The building blocks of living organisms, these have a true nucleus with genetic material
Organelle
A structure within a cell with a certain role
Cell membrane
Around the cell, this controls what enters and leaves
Nucleus
The part of the eukaryotic cell that contains genetic material and controls the cell
Cytoplasm
A jelly like substance within the cell where the reactions take place
Ribosomes
The site of protein synthesis (making) in cells
Mitochondria
The site of aerobic respiration to release energy for the cell
Vacuole
Contains cell sap and helps support the cell
Chloroplast
Found in plant cells, this produces sugar (glucose) by the process of photosynthesis
Cell wall
Made of cellulose, helps support the cell giving it shape
Stem cell
When a cell has the potential to become any cell type. Found in early embryos and adult bone marrow
Differentation
When a cell becomes specialized
Specialized cell
A cell that is adapted to do a particular job
Prokaryotic cell
These cells have a cytoplasm and cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. They have no true nucleus. The DNA is in a single loop
Flagella
A long protein strand that can be used for movement in prokaryotic cells
Slime capsule
A protective coat found on the outside of some prokaryotic cells
Light microscope
Uses a beam of light to observe objects . Relatively cheap with a maximum magnification of about x2000
Electron microscope
Uses a beam of electrons to observe objects.
Magnification
The number of times bigger an image appears than the actual size of the object
Resolution
The ability to distinguish between two separate points
Chromosome
Found in the nucleus, these are thread like structures of DNA that carry the genes
DNA
The molecule of inheritance
Gene
A short section of DNA found in chromosomes, that controls characteristics.
Mitosis
A form of cell division that occurs in the body cells for growth, repair and replacement. This usually results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells
Karyotype
The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
