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SAM I again > Infectious Diseases of the Cat > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases of the Cat Flashcards

1
Q

What type of gram is bartonella?

A

small, curved gram (-)

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2
Q

What transmits bartonella?

A

Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)

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3
Q

Where do you find bartonella

A

intracellular! detected in RBCs

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4
Q

What are the CSs of bartonella?

A

usually subclinical: lymphadenopathy, transient fever, lethargy, mild CNS

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5
Q

How do you dx bartonella?

A

Blood culture or PCR

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6
Q

How do you tx bartonella?

A

enrofloxacin, doxy, azithromycin,

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7
Q

what type of gram is mycoplasma?

A

Gram (-)

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8
Q

Transmission of mycoplasma happens how

A

blood sucking arthropods and fleas, horizontal transmission,

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9
Q

What are the common CSs of mycoplasma?

A

hemolytic A+: Immune-mediated or hemolysis

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10
Q

How do you dx mycoplasma?

A

CBC, PCR (4-15 days to become PCR+)

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11
Q

How do you tx mycoplasma?

A

Abx

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12
Q

What type of virus is feline panleukopenia virus?

A

single stranded DNA virus

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13
Q

What else is panleuk known as?

A

Feline parvovirus

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14
Q

What type of cells does panleuk require?

A

rapidly dividing (lymphoid tissue, bone marrow, and intestinal mucosa)

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15
Q

Where does panleuk initially replicate?

A

in the oropharynx 18-24h post infection

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16
Q

What are the CSs of panleuk?

A

subclinical unless peracute form or acute form

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17
Q

What are the CSs of peracute panleuk

A

death in 12h, septic shock, dehydration, hypothermia, comatose

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18
Q

What are teh CSs of acute panleuk?

A

fever, depression, anorexia, v+, petechia, DIC

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19
Q

How do you dx panleuk?

A

CBC, chem, Fecal viral Ag test (ELISA), genetic detection PCR

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20
Q

How do you tx panleuk?

A

supportive care, fluid tx, anitemetics, abx (broad spectrum), food, interferon omega,

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21
Q

How do you prevent panleuk?

A

passive immunotherapy, MLV vx

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22
Q

What is FIP more common than in the past?

A

more cats!!

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23
Q

What is FIP’s official name?

A

Feline Coronavirus

24
Q

What is a key development of FIP?

A

when the virus adheres to blood vessle walls and extravasates when it’s within the monocytes

25
If there is an absent cell mediated immune response and a strong humoral response, what happens?
effusive FIP
26
If there is an intermediate cell mediated immune response what happens?
non-effusive FIP
27
How many types of FeCOV are there?
2, Type I - unique feline strain (most common) | Type II - recombination of feline and canine coronavirus
28
Pathogenesis of FeCOV
virus is shed in feces for 2 days post infection. virus replicates in SI
29
How is FeCOV transmitted?
direct contact with infected feces
30
What are the initial CSs of FIP?
D+, URT signs, occasional v+/weight loss
31
Why is FIP a misnomer?
It is a vasculitis disease! cats do not have peritonitis.
32
Effusive FIP is what response?
humeral response
33
Non-effusive FIP is what response?
intermediate CMI response
34
What are CSs of wet FIP?
abdominal distention, mild pyrexia, weight loss, +/- LN enlargement
35
What are CSs of dry FIP?
vague signs, older cats, +/- intraocular lesions
36
How do you dx FIP?
Histopath/biopsy!, Effusion analysis, immunofluorescent staining, CBC, chem, Histopath immunohistochemistry staining is the ABSOLUTE gold standard
37
What kind of virus is FeLV?
retrovirus, single stranded RNA protected by an envelope
38
Where does FeLV replicate?
bone marrow, salivary glands, respiratory epithelium
39
What cells does FeLV affect?
hematopoietic stem cells
40
What are the two ways FeLV can be passed?
pathogenic exogenic - horizontally | non-pathogenic endogenous - inherited, passed down from cat to cat
41
What is the important gag protein associated with FeLV?
Gag p27
42
What is the most common way FeLV is spread?
horizontally: bites, contact with saliva
43
What are the 3 most important types of FeLV?
Abortive, regressive, progressive
44
Describe the abortive infection of FeLV:
1. cats never get the virus! | 2. high levels of neutralizing Abs in circulation
45
Describe the regressive infection of FeLV:
1. cats have an effective immune response 2. the virus is contained before/shortly after bone marrow infection 3. Virus clears 3-6w 4. FeLV is incorporated into their genome and can be picked up on PCR
46
Describe the progressive infection of FeLV:
1. virus is not contained 2. immune system is NOT strong enough to get rid of the virus 3. cats remain persistenly viremic 4. cats often die from secondary disease w/i 3y
47
What are CSs for FeLV?
hematopoietic malignancy!
48
How do you dx FeLV?
Direct detection of the virus! look for abundant p27 Ag via ELISA. You can also do nucleic acid detection
49
Is Ab detection useful in dx FeLV?
Nope! animals could be regressive and will have the Abs
50
How do you tx FeLV?
good nutrition and husbandry is most important! Can reverse most hematological disorders: transfusions, EPO, can do antiviral chemotherapy with zidovudine (AZT), can do immunomodulatory tx with interferon,
51
How do you prevent FeLV?
virus is susceptible to all disinfectants! Vx: attenuated virus (whole killed virus)
52
What virus is FIV?
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus. its a lentivirus
53
How is FIV transmitted?
bites or fights/wounds
54
Where is FIV predominantly found?
saliva, blood lymphocytes, plasma cells, milk
55
Is transmission of FIV through the mucosal route common?
Nope, it is very rare!
56
Where does FIV replication occur?
tissues rich in lymphocytes: thymus, spleen, lymph nodes
57
Does FIV affect just CD4+?
No, it affects CD4+ and CD8+ cells by disrupting normal immune fuction

SAM I again (4 decks)

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