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SAM I again > Infectious Diseases of the Cat > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases of the Cat Flashcards

1
Q

What type of gram is bartonella?

A

small, curved gram (-)

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2
Q

What transmits bartonella?

A

Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)

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3
Q

Where do you find bartonella

A

intracellular! detected in RBCs

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4
Q

What are the CSs of bartonella?

A

usually subclinical: lymphadenopathy, transient fever, lethargy, mild CNS

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5
Q

How do you dx bartonella?

A

Blood culture or PCR

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6
Q

How do you tx bartonella?

A

enrofloxacin, doxy, azithromycin,

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7
Q

what type of gram is mycoplasma?

A

Gram (-)

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8
Q

Transmission of mycoplasma happens how

A

blood sucking arthropods and fleas, horizontal transmission,

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9
Q

What are the common CSs of mycoplasma?

A

hemolytic A+: Immune-mediated or hemolysis

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10
Q

How do you dx mycoplasma?

A

CBC, PCR (4-15 days to become PCR+)

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11
Q

How do you tx mycoplasma?

A

Abx

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12
Q

What type of virus is feline panleukopenia virus?

A

single stranded DNA virus

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13
Q

What else is panleuk known as?

A

Feline parvovirus

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14
Q

What type of cells does panleuk require?

A

rapidly dividing (lymphoid tissue, bone marrow, and intestinal mucosa)

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15
Q

Where does panleuk initially replicate?

A

in the oropharynx 18-24h post infection

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16
Q

What are the CSs of panleuk?

A

subclinical unless peracute form or acute form

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17
Q

What are the CSs of peracute panleuk

A

death in 12h, septic shock, dehydration, hypothermia, comatose

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18
Q

What are teh CSs of acute panleuk?

A

fever, depression, anorexia, v+, petechia, DIC

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19
Q

How do you dx panleuk?

A

CBC, chem, Fecal viral Ag test (ELISA), genetic detection PCR

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20
Q

How do you tx panleuk?

A

supportive care, fluid tx, anitemetics, abx (broad spectrum), food, interferon omega,

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21
Q

How do you prevent panleuk?

A

passive immunotherapy, MLV vx

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22
Q

What is FIP more common than in the past?

A

more cats!!

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23
Q

What is FIP’s official name?

A

Feline Coronavirus

24
Q

What is a key development of FIP?

A

when the virus adheres to blood vessle walls and extravasates when it’s within the monocytes

25
Q

If there is an absent cell mediated immune response and a strong humoral response, what happens?

A

effusive FIP

26
Q

If there is an intermediate cell mediated immune response what happens?

A

non-effusive FIP

27
Q

How many types of FeCOV are there?

A

2, Type I - unique feline strain (most common)

Type II - recombination of feline and canine coronavirus

28
Q

Pathogenesis of FeCOV

A

virus is shed in feces for 2 days post infection. virus replicates in SI

29
Q

How is FeCOV transmitted?

A

direct contact with infected feces

30
Q

What are the initial CSs of FIP?

A

D+, URT signs, occasional v+/weight loss

31
Q

Why is FIP a misnomer?

A

It is a vasculitis disease! cats do not have peritonitis.

32
Q

Effusive FIP is what response?

A

humeral response

33
Q

Non-effusive FIP is what response?

A

intermediate CMI response

34
Q

What are CSs of wet FIP?

A

abdominal distention, mild pyrexia, weight loss, +/- LN enlargement

35
Q

What are CSs of dry FIP?

A

vague signs, older cats, +/- intraocular lesions

36
Q

How do you dx FIP?

A

Histopath/biopsy!, Effusion analysis, immunofluorescent staining, CBC, chem, Histopath immunohistochemistry staining is the ABSOLUTE gold standard

37
Q

What kind of virus is FeLV?

A

retrovirus, single stranded RNA protected by an envelope

38
Q

Where does FeLV replicate?

A

bone marrow, salivary glands, respiratory epithelium

39
Q

What cells does FeLV affect?

A

hematopoietic stem cells

40
Q

What are the two ways FeLV can be passed?

A

pathogenic exogenic - horizontally

non-pathogenic endogenous - inherited, passed down from cat to cat

41
Q

What is the important gag protein associated with FeLV?

A

Gag p27

42
Q

What is the most common way FeLV is spread?

A

horizontally: bites, contact with saliva

43
Q

What are the 3 most important types of FeLV?

A

Abortive, regressive, progressive

44
Q

Describe the abortive infection of FeLV:

A
  1. cats never get the virus!

2. high levels of neutralizing Abs in circulation

45
Q

Describe the regressive infection of FeLV:

A
  1. cats have an effective immune response
  2. the virus is contained before/shortly after bone marrow infection
  3. Virus clears 3-6w
  4. FeLV is incorporated into their genome and can be picked up on PCR
46
Q

Describe the progressive infection of FeLV:

A
  1. virus is not contained
  2. immune system is NOT strong enough to get rid of the virus
  3. cats remain persistenly viremic
  4. cats often die from secondary disease w/i 3y
47
Q

What are CSs for FeLV?

A

hematopoietic malignancy!

48
Q

How do you dx FeLV?

A

Direct detection of the virus! look for abundant p27 Ag via ELISA. You can also do nucleic acid detection

49
Q

Is Ab detection useful in dx FeLV?

A

Nope! animals could be regressive and will have the Abs

50
Q

How do you tx FeLV?

A

good nutrition and husbandry is most important! Can reverse most hematological disorders: transfusions, EPO, can do antiviral chemotherapy with zidovudine (AZT), can do immunomodulatory tx with interferon,

51
Q

How do you prevent FeLV?

A

virus is susceptible to all disinfectants! Vx: attenuated virus (whole killed virus)

52
Q

What virus is FIV?

A

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus. its a lentivirus

53
Q

How is FIV transmitted?

A

bites or fights/wounds

54
Q

Where is FIV predominantly found?

A

saliva, blood lymphocytes, plasma cells, milk

55
Q

Is transmission of FIV through the mucosal route common?

A

Nope, it is very rare!

56
Q

Where does FIV replication occur?

A

tissues rich in lymphocytes: thymus, spleen, lymph nodes

57
Q

Does FIV affect just CD4+?

A

No, it affects CD4+ and CD8+ cells by disrupting normal immune fuction

SAM I again (4 decks)

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