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NAPLEX ID > Infectious Diseases I > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases I Flashcards

1
Q

Morphology of

Staphylococcus spp. (including MSSA, MRSA)

A

Gram-positive cocci

Clusters

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2
Q

Morphology of

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Gram-positive cocci

Pairs & chains

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3
Q

Morphology of

Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pyogenes)

A

Gram-positive cocci

Pairs & chains

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4
Q

Morphology of

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Gram-positive rods

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5
Q

Morphology of

Enterococcus spp. (including VRE)

A

Gram-positive cocci

Pairs & chains

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6
Q

Morphology of

Corynebacterium spp.

A

Gram-positive rods

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7
Q

Morphology of

Peptostreptococcus

A

Gram-positive anaerobes

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8
Q

Morphology of

Propionibacterium acnes

A

Gram-positive anaerobes

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9
Q

Morphology of

Clostridioides difficile

A

Gram-positive anaerobes

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10
Q

Morphology of

Clostridium spp.

A

Gram-positive anaerobes

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11
Q

Morphology of

Chlamydia spp.

A

Atypicals

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12
Q

Morphology of

Legionella spp.

A

Atypicals

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13
Q

Morphology of

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Atypicals

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14
Q

Morphology of

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Atypicals

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15
Q

Morphology of

Neisseria spp.

A

Gram-negative cocci

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16
Q

Morphology of

Enterobacter cloacae

A

Gram-negative rods
Colonize gut

“Enteric”

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17
Q

Morphology of

Serratia spp.

A

Gram-negative rods
Colonize gut

“Enteric”

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18
Q

Morphology of

Proteus mirabilis

A

Gram-negative rods
Colonize gut

“Enteric”

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19
Q

Morphology of

Klebsiella spp.

A

Gram-negative rods
Colonize gut

“Enteric”

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20
Q

Morphology of

Escherichia coli

A

Gram-negative rods
Colonize gut

“Enteric”

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21
Q

Morphology of

Citrobacter spp.

A

Gram-negative rods
Colonize gut

“Enteric”

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22
Q

Morphology of

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Gram-negative rods
Do not colonize gut

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23
Q

Morphology of

Haemophilus influenza

A

Gram-negative rods
Do not colonize gut

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24
Q

Morphology of

Providencia spp.

A

Gram-negative rods
Do not colonize gut

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25
Q

Morphology of

H. pylori

A

Gram-negative rods

Curved or spiral shaped

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26
Q

Morphology of

Campylobacter spp.

A

Gram-negative rods

Curved or spiral shaped

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27
Q

Morphology of

Treponema spp.

A

Gram-negative rods

Curved or spiral shaped

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28
Q

Morphology of

Borrelia spp.

A

Gram-negative rods

Curved or spiral shaped

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29
Q

Morphology of

Leptospira spp.

A

Gram-negative rods

Curved or spiral shaped

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30
Q

Morphology of

Bacteroides fragilis

A

Gram-negative anaerobes

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31
Q

Morphology of

Prevotella spp.

A

Gram-negative anaerobes

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32
Q

Morphology of

Acinetobacter baumannii

A

Gram-negative coccobacilli

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33
Q

Morphology of

Bordetella pertussis

A

Gram-negative coccobacilli

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34
Q

Morphology of

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Gram-negative coccobacilli

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35
Q

MOA of

Dalbavancin

A

Cell wall inhibitor

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36
Q

MOA of

Telavancin

A

Cell wall inhibitor
&
Cell membrane inhibitor

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37
Q

MOA of

Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)

A

Cell wall inhibitor

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38
Q

MOA of

Vancomycin

A

Cell wall inhibitor

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39
Q

MOA of

Monobactams (aztreonam)

A

Cell wall inhibitor

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40
Q

MOA of

Oritavancin

A

Cell wall inhibitor
&
Cell membrane inhibitor

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41
Q

MOA of

Aminoglycosides

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

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42
Q

MOA of

Macrolides

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

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43
Q

MOA of

Linezolid

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

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44
Q

MOA of

Tetracyclines

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

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45
Q

MOA of

Clindamycin

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

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46
Q

MOA of

Tedizolid

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

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47
Q

MOA of

Quinupristin/dalfopristin

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

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48
Q

MOA of

Polymyxins

A

Cell membrane inhibitor

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49
Q

MOA of

Daptomycin

A

Cell membrane inhibitor

50
Q

MOA of

Quinolones

A

DNA inhibitor

DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV

51
Q

MOA of

Metronidazole

A

DNA inhibitor

52
Q

MOA of

Tinidazole

A

DNA inhibitor

53
Q

MOA of

Rifampin

A

RNA inhibitor

54
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic

Beta-lactams

A

Hydrophilic

55
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic

Aminoglycosides

A

Hydrophilic

56
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic

Vancomycin

A

Hydrophilic

57
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic

Daptomycin

A

Hydrophilic

58
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic

Polymyxins

A

Hydrophilic

59
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic

Quinolones

A

Lipophilic

60
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic

Macrolides

A

Lipophilic

61
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic

Rifampin

A

Lipophilic

62
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic

Linezolid

A

Lipophilic

63
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic

Tetracyclines

A

Lipophilic

64
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters

Small volume of distribution → Less tissue penetration

A

Hydrophilic

65
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters

Mostly renally eliminated → Drug accumulation and side effects (e.g., nephrotoxicity, seizures) can occur if not dose adjusted

A

Hydrophilic

66
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters

Low intracellular concentrations → Not active against atypical (intracellular) pathogens

A

Hydrophilic

67
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters

Poor-moderate bioavailability → IV:PO ratio is not 1:1

A

Hydrophilic

68
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters

Large volume of distribution → Better tissue penetration

A

Lipophilic

69
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters

Mostly hepatically metabolized → Potential for hepatotoxicity and drug-drug interactions

A

Lipophilic

70
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters

Achieve intracellular concentrations → Active against atypical (intracellular) pathogens

A

Lipophilic

71
Q

Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters

Excellent bioavailability → IV:PO ratio is often 1:1

A

Lipophilic

72
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of

Aminoglycosides

A

Concentration-dependent killing

Cmax:MIC

Goal: high peak, low trough
Dosing strategies: large dose, long interval

73
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of

Quinolones

A

Concentration-dependent killing

Cmax:MIC

Goal: high peak, low trough
Dosing strategies: large dose, long interval

74
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of

Daptomycin

A

Concentration-dependent killing

Cmax:MIC

Goal: high peak, low trough
Dosing strategies: large dose, long interval

75
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of

Vancomycin

A

Exposure-dependent killing

AUC:MIC

Goal: exposure over time
Dosing strategies: variable

76
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of

Macrolides

A

Exposure-dependent killing

AUC:MIC

Goal: exposure over time
Dosing strategies: variable

77
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of

Tetracyclines

A

Exposure-dependent killing

AUC:MIC

Goal: exposure over time
Dosing strategies: variable

78
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of

Polymyxins

A

Exposure-dependent killing

AUC:MIC

Goal: exposure over time
Dosing strategies: variable

79
Q

What is the pharmacodynamics of

Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)

A

Time-dependent killing

Time > MIC

Goal: maintain drug level > MIC for most of the dosing interval
Dosing strategies: shorter dosing interval, extended or continuous infusions

80
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Penicillin VK

A

Refrigerate

81
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Ampicillin

A

Refrigerate

82
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate

A

Refrigerate

83
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Cephalexin

A

Refrigerate

84
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Cefadroxil

A

Refrigerate

85
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Cefpodoxime

A

Refrigerate

86
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Cefprozil

A

Refrigerate

87
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Cefuroxime

A

Refrigerate

88
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Cefaclor

A

Refrigerate

89
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Vancomycin oral

A

Refrigerate

90
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Valganciclovir

A

Refrigerate

91
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Amoxicillin

A

Refrigeration recommended

Improves taste

92
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Cefdinir

A

Do not refrigerate

93
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Azithromycin

A

Do not refrigerate

94
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Clarithromycin

A

Do not refrigerate

Bitter taste, thickens/gels

95
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Doxycycline

A

Do not refrigerate

96
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Ciprofloxacin

A

Do not refrigerate

97
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Levofloxacin

A

Do not refrigerate

98
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Clindamycin

A

Do not refrigerate

Thickens, may crystallize

99
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Linezolid

A

Do not refrigerate

100
Q

Refrigerated or not?

SMX/TMP

A

Do not refrigerate

101
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Acyclovir

A

Do not refrigerate

102
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Fluconazole

A

Do not refrigerate

103
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Posaconazole

A

Do not refrigerate

104
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Voriconazole

A

Do not refrigerate

105
Q

Refrigerated or not?

Nystatin

A

Do not refrigerate

106
Q

IV anti-infectives that should not be refrigerated

A
  • Metronidazole
  • Moxifloxacin
  • SMX/TMP
  • Acyclovir
107
Q

Anti-infectives that should be taken on an empty stomach

A
  • Ampicillin oral capsules and suspension
  • Levofloxacin oral solution
  • Penicillin VK
  • Rifampin
  • Isoniazid
  • Itraconazole solution
  • Voriconazole
108
Q

Take with/without food?

Amoxicillin ER

A

Take within one hour of finishing a meal

109
Q

Anti-infectives that have 1:1 IV to PO dosing

A
  • Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
  • Doxycycline, minocycline
  • Linezolid, tedizolid
  • Metronidazole
  • SMX/TMP
  • Fluconazole, isavuconazonium, posaconazole (oral tablets and IV), voriconazole
110
Q

Anti-infectives that do not require renal dose adjustment

A
  • Antistaphylococcal penicillins
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Clindamycin
  • Doxycycline
  • Macrolides (azithromycin and erythromycin only)
  • Metronidazole
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Linezolid
111
Q

Anti-infectives that require light protection during administration

A
  • Doxycycline
  • Micafungin
  • Pentamidine
112
Q

Which diluent is compatible with

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

A

Dextrose only

113
Q

Which diluent is compatible with

SMX/TMP

A

Dextrose only

114
Q

Which diluent is compatible with

Amphotericin B

A

Dextrose only

115
Q

Which diluent is compatible with

Pentamidine

A

Dextrose only

116
Q

Which diluent is compatible with

Ampicillin

A

Normal saline only

117
Q

Which diluent is compatible with

Ampicillin/Sulbactam

A

Normal saline only

118
Q

Which diluent is compatible with

Ertapenem

A

Normal saline only

119
Q

Which diluent is compatible with

Daptomycin (Cubicin RF)

A

Normal saline only

Must use only sterile or bacteriostatic water for injection to reconstitute the lypophilized powder (before diluting further with NS)

120
Q

Which diluent is compatible with

Caspofungin

A

NS/LR only

121
Q

Which diluent is compatible with

Daptomycin (Cubicin)

A

NS/LR only

NAPLEX ID (5 decks)

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