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Micro BLOCK 7 > Infectious Diseases And Medical Microbiology Introduction > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases And Medical Microbiology Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the number one causes of death by disease in developed nations

A

Lower respiratory infections

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2
Q

What is the number one causes of death by disease in developing nations

A

Lower respiratory infections

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3
Q

How many patient with AIDS develop CMV retinitis

A

1/4 of patients

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4
Q

What is the organism that causes trachoma?

A

Infection of chlamydia

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5
Q

Why is chlamydia virus like

A

Produces intracellular epithelial bodies

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6
Q

Why is isolation of staphylococcus epidermidis from a conj culture not a cause for concern

A

If you are going to have a contamination its going to be that one since its all over your skin

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7
Q

What kind of organisms are identified by a KOH prep

A

Fungi and fungal hyphae

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8
Q

What kind of microorganism does a calcoflour prep stain for

A

Fungi and fungal hyphae

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9
Q

What kind of microorganism does gram stain look for

A

Bacteria

Very common

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10
Q

What kind of microorganism does an acid fast look for (Ziehl-Nielsen)

A

Mycobacterium TB and others

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11
Q

What is the significance of inclusion epithelial cells in the conj

A

Presence of chlamydia

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12
Q

What kind of test do you run to see if chlamydia is present?

A

Giemsa (wright giemsa) stain

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13
Q

How do you determine of epithelial inclusion bodies are present in a wright giemsa stain

A

In an epithelial cell that has not inclusion bodies, there will just be the nucleus that shows up in the stain, but if there is an inclusion body, you will see a faint purple spot in the cell along with the nucleus

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14
Q

What does the presence of neutrophils mean

A

Bacterial infection

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15
Q

What does the presence of lymphocytes mean

A

Viral infection

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16
Q

What does the presence of eosinophils mean

A

Allergic reaction

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17
Q

Steps in gram stain

A

Heat fixation

  1. Crystal violet
  2. Iodine treatment
  3. Decolonization with alcohol
  4. Counterstain dye with safranin
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18
Q

What color do gram positive cells appear

A

Purple

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19
Q

What color do gram negative cells appear

A

Red/pink

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20
Q

What is the purpose of the crystal violet flood in gram stain

A

Staining cell wall dark purple

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21
Q

What is the purpose of the iodine flood in gram stain

A

Fixing agent to seal bacteria cell wall. Thick walls seal well, thin walls not so much

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22
Q

What is the purpose of the alcohol in gram stain

A

Decolonize

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the counterstain with safranin in gram stain

A

Coutnerstains the cell walls

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24
Q

What is the most common stain in microbiology

A

Gram stain

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25
What stain is used in a Ziehl-Neelson stain
Carbolfuschin
26
Why is acid alcohol used as a decolorizer
Need very, very rough acid to damage all the non acid fast bacteria, acid fast bacteria wall withstand the acid alcohol
27
What is a positive acid fast
Red
28
What is predicted to grow on a blood agar
Most bacteria - shows hemolysis - differential
29
What class of microorganism is predicted to grow on a chocolate agar?
Fastidious bacteria | -haemophilus Neisseria
30
What kind microorganism is predicted to grow on a thayer-Martin agar
Neisseria only
31
What kind of microorganism is predicted to grow on a macConkey Agar?
Gram negative rods
32
What kind of microorganism she are predicted to grow on mannitol salt agar
Staphylococci
33
What is the number one cause of blindness
Cataracts
34
Presence of microbe on or in the body
Colonization
35
Organism harmfully invades
Infection
36
Is infection requires for bacterial related disease?
No, can have preformed toxins without the organism there
37
Disease without colonization
Ingestion of pre formed toxins
38
What are the main infectious microbes
Viruses, prions, bacteria, fungi, protists
39
What are the exceptions to koch's postulates
Unethical to infect humans, difficult to isolate some things (virus, prions), boy the time disease shows, organism is gone
40
What do we use instead of koch's postulate
Recovery of pathogen, or evidence of its presence
41
What are the sterile body sites
Blood CSF Lower respiratory tract
42
Non sterile body sites
-eye/mouth/nose/upper respiratory tract -skin -GI Urethra
43
Gram + organisms
- lots of peptidoglycan - thick - less complex - no LPS
44
Gram negative cells
- little peptidoglycan - LPS - much more complex cell walls - thin
45
Where does crystal violet get trapped
Cell wall
46
What are most pathogens
Gram negative rods
47
Gram stain of cocci
All cocci are gram positive except Neisseria and Moraxella
48
Size of gram + rods
Large
49
Gram negative rods
Small
50
Thin walled helical, w/o flagella
Spirochetes
51
Example of spirochete
Syphillis
52
What kind of stain can a spirochete not be seen on
Gram stain
53
Gold stand at of microbiology
Culture
54
What kind of microorganism would you predict would grow on a sabouraud's dextrose agar
Fungi
55
Lowenstein Jensen' agar
Acid fast
56
What does lowenstein jensen agar grow?
Mycobacterium ssp. TB
57
Why don't clean arm with ETOH in blood culture
Because staph epi
58
Why don't you want wound cultures to be not exposed to air
Often have anaerobes that will die if exposed to air
59
Trochoma causes by chlamydia
Infects eyelids Scarring of cornea by infected eyelids Curled eyelashes scrape cornea
60
What is the significance of an increased C reactive protein level and sedimentation rate
Inflammation
61
What is MIC
- minimal inhibitory concentration - lowest drug level that inhibits bacterial replication - always equal to or less than MBC
62
What is MBC
- minimal bactericidal concentration - lowest drug level that kills bacteria - always equal to or greater than MIC
63
Keratitis
Requires topical anesthetic
64
Endophthalmitis
Intraocular infection | Syringe and needle to collect sample
65
What is specific to E. coli
Gram negative rods that ferment lactose
66
Probes for antigen with a single labeled antibody
Direct ELISA
67
Probes for Ab to an antigen..labeled Ab binds to an unlabeled Ab
Indirect ELISA
68
What is most common ELISAQ
Sand whihc
69
What kind of tests give you a rapid turn around time
Molecular tests | 2-3 hours instead of days
70
Complete blood count
Increased WBC suggests infection
71
General chemistry test for kidney function
BUN/creatinine
72
General chemistry test for live function
ALT best test
73
General chemistry test for inflammation
CRP/ESR

Micro BLOCK 7 (3 decks)

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