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Micro BLOCK 7 > Fungi And Viruses > Flashcards

Fungi And Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference of bacteria and fungi in their composition of cell wall

A
  • Bacteria cell wall has peptidoglycan and their cell membrane contains cholesterol
  • fungi cell wall has chitin, cell membrane contains ergesterol
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2
Q

What has ergosterol in the cell membrane

A

Only fungi (eukaryotes)

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3
Q

What has a very different ribosome type compared to us

A

Bacteria

70s (50s +30s)

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4
Q

Eukaryotes vs Prokaryote

A

Bacteria are the prokaryotes and they have different ribosomes than eukaryotes, making it easier to treat

  • single cell
  • peptidoglycan in the cell wall
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5
Q

Unicellular bacterial like colonies that reproduce by budding

A

Yeasts

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6
Q

Filamentous fungi; colonies appear cotton-like

A

Molds

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7
Q

What has branches like hyphae?

A

Molds

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8
Q

What kind of hyphae can a mold have

A

Septate: cross wall segments
Aseptate: no septa and many nuclei

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9
Q

Temperature dependent fungi

A

Dimorphic fungi

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10
Q

What is the parasitic dimorphic fungi

A

Yeast, parasitic when grown at 37 degrees

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11
Q

What is the saprophytic dimorphic fungi

A

Mold/mycelial: when grown at 25 degrees

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12
Q

How are dimorphic fungi grown

A

As yeast or furry mold

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13
Q

What is the most common yeast

A

Candida albicans

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14
Q

What reproduces by budding

A

Yeasts

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15
Q

What is the fungal cell wall component targeted by most antifungal drugs

A

Azoles target 14 a-demethylase preventing lanosterol from converting to zimosterol

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16
Q

How do polyene antimycotics act and why do they have significant toxicity

A

They directly target ergosterol

-bc cholesterol and ergosterol follow similar pathway, antifungal drugs are very toxic!

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17
Q

What is a primary fungal pathogen?

A

Can infect immunocompentent hosts

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18
Q

What are the 4 primary fungal pathogens

A
  • blastomyces dermatitidis
  • coccidioides immitis
  • histoplasmosis capsulatum
  • paracoccioides brasiliensis
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19
Q

What is the number one opportunistic fungal?

A

Candida albicans

20
Q

What are the two fungi like bacteria

A

Actinomyces and Nocardia

21
Q

Which of the two fungi like bacteria is confused with TB because it is partially acid fast

A

Nocardia asteroides

22
Q

What are the viral nucleic acids

A

They can be DNA or RNA

-most are ssRNA

23
Q

What is the most common viral nucleic acid

A

SsRNA

24
Q

What are the dsDNA viruses

A 
Herpesvirus 
-HSV
Adenovirus
-URIs
-papillomavirus
-HPV
Poxvirus
-pox like lesion
25
Q

What are the two different subtypes of ssRNA viruses

A 
Positive strand (+) sense 
Negative strand (-) nonsense
26
Q

What is positive strand virus (+) sense

A

The RNA can directly translate to a protein

27
Q

What is the negative strained (-) antisense ssRNA viruses

A

RNA strand servers as template to synthesize mRNA

-template has to be transcribed to (+) sense, then to protein

28
Q

Pneumotropic virus

A

Respiratory system

-influence, rhinovirus, SARS, respiratory syncytial virus

29
Q

Dermotropic virus

A

Skin

  • chickenpox
  • smallpox
  • herpes
30
Q

Viscerotropic virus

A

Blood and visceral organs

31
Q

Neurotrophic viruses

A

Central nervous systme

32
Q

What is the viral replication cycle

A
  • attachment
  • penetration/uncoating (injects, fuses, or phagocytized)
  • biosynthesis (viral genome and protein replication)
  • maturation/assembly (new viruses ar assembled)
  • release (new viruses are released, burst size
33
Q

Dormant viral infection, reactivation of viral infection may induce transformation and proliferation with resulting neoplasia (EBV, HPV, HBV, HTLV-1)

A

Latency

34
Q

What kind of viruses are latent

A

Lysogenic

35
Q

What is the only hepatitis virus that has DNA instead of RNA

A

HBV

Also latent

36
Q

These types of viruses rupture the cell, they have a burst size which is the number of virions released from one cell

A

Lytic viruses

37
Q

Number of virions released from one cell

A

Lytic

38
Q

Can virus be both lytic and lysogenic?

A

Yes

-cold sore

39
Q

What kind of cancer does HPV cause

A

Cervical cancer

40
Q

What kind of cancer does HBV cause

A

Liver cancer

41
Q

What are the two common DNA tumor viruses

A

HPV

HBV

42
Q

What are the common RNA tumor viruses

A

HCV
HTLV-1
HIV/HHV-8

43
Q

What kind of cancer does HCV cause

A

Liver cancer

44
Q

What kind of cancer does HTLV-1 cause

A

T-cell leukemia

45
Q

What kind of cancer does HIV/HHV-8 cause

A

Kaposi sarcoma

46
Q

Is it HIV or HHV-8 that causes kaposi sarcoma

A

HHV-8 actually causes it

Micro BLOCK 7 (3 decks)

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