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PEDIATRICS - PLE TOPNOTCH 2020 > INFECTIOUS DISEASES > Flashcards

INFECTIOUS DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

red eye with purulent discharge, tense edema of eyelids with marked chemosis; incubation period 2-5 days

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Ceftriaxone 50 mg/kg/day for 1 dose

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2
Q

mild to severe swelling of eyelids with copious purulent discharge; incubation period 5-14 d

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

Systemic antibiotics; Gentamicin eye ointment

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3
Q

EYE INFECTIONS AND CAUSATIVE AGENTS

A
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4
Q

most common cause of viral conjunctivitis pharyngoconjunctival fever (red eye, red throat, fever)

A

Adenovirus

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5
Q

Cestodes (flatworms) – all are treated with ______ EXCEPT Echinococcus granulosus (_______)

A

Praziquantel

Albendazole

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6
Q

All TREMATODES (flukes) are treated with

A

Praziquantel

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7
Q

DOC Ascaris, Ancylostoma, Necator, Capillaria

A

Albendazole

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8
Q

DOC Trichuris

A

Mebendazole

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9
Q

DOC Enterobius

A

Pyrantel pamoate

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10
Q

DOC Strongyloides

A

Ivermectin

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11
Q

DOC Wuchereria and Brugia

A

DEC

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12
Q

DOC Trichinella

A

Thiabendazole

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13
Q

Retinopathy w/ keratitis in a newborn or a young child; Mother has hx of drug abuse

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV chorioretinitis)

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14
Q

Which drug will you give topically to eradicate the nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in an adolescent with recurrent carbunculosis?

A

Mupirocin

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15
Q

old name for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome; exfoliatins A and B are distinct proteins that produce localized or generalized skin manifestations; produce skin separation by splitting the desmosome changing the IC matrix in the stratum granulosum

A

Ritter Disease

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16
Q

DOC for Staph SSS

A

Oxacillin or if MRSA is suspected, start Vancomycin

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17
Q

POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS for Varicella in a younger child

A

live varicella vaccine itself can be given within 3-5 days of exposure to modify the course.

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18
Q

Passive immunization with Varicella Zoster IG (VZIG) is for

A

(1) immunocompromised,
(2) pregnant, and
(3) newborns whose mother had chickenpox 5 days before up to 2 days after delivery

* VZIG 125 U/10 kg IM (max. 625 units) to be given within 96 hours after exposure

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19
Q

MC causative agent of erysipelas / St. Anthony’s Fire

A

Streptococcus

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20
Q

Management for Sporotrichosis:

A

Itraconazole; Amphotericin B for the severely ill

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21
Q

Empiric treatment for LGV Chlamydia trachomatis (Lymphogranuloma venereum)

A

Doxycycline 100 mg orally 2x a day for 21 days

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22
Q

Drug of choice for Syphilis

A

single dose of benzathine Penicillin G 2.4 million units IM

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23
Q

Drug of choice for W. bancrofti:

A

single dose Diethylcarbamazine (contraindicated in patients coinfected with onchocerciasis) regardless whether symptoms or microfilaremia are present; with the addition of Doxycycline 200 mg/day for 4-6 weeks for its macrofilaricidal activity

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24
Q
  • Jaw area swelling
  • Sinus tract formation
  • Yellow exudate
  • Carious teeth
  • Dental procedure
  • Yellow granules in exudates
A

Actinomyces

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25
Q

Subcutaneous swelling of shoulder Sinus Tract formations Granules

A

Nocardia

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26
Q
  • Target lesion
  • Bull’s eye
  • Fever,
  • headache
  • Rash border
  • Bite site
A

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)

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27
Q

Erythema migrans is seen in

A

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)

* lesion that appears at the site of tick bite 7-14 days after; occurs most often on the head, neck, arms, legs, back

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28
Q

Pharyngoconjuctival fever in children is most commonly caused by:

A

Adenovirus

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29
Q

TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERIA

A

• Aqueous Penicillin G IM or IV 100,000-150,000 U/kg/day every 6 hours for 14 days

• Erythromycin: eradicates nasopharyngeal carriage 40-50 mg/kg/day orally or IV every 6 hours for 14 days

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30
Q

White papules with red base on posterior palate & pharynx

A

Herpangina

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31
Q

Purulent tonsils

Fatigue

Lymphadenopathy

A

Infectious mononucleosis

32
Q
  • Low grade fever with gradual onset of membranous nasopharyngitis
  • Bull neck from lymphadenopathy
A

Diphtheria

33
Q

Finely popular, erythematous eruption producing a bright red discoloration of the skin, which blanches on pressure, more intense along the creases of the elbows, axillae, and groin. The skin has a goosepimple appearance & feels rough. After 4 days, the rash begins to fade & is followed by desquamation

A

Scarlet Fever

34
Q

Reiter’s syndrome (reactive arthritis):

A

Can’t see (Conjunctivitis),

Can’t pee (Urethritis),

Can’t climb a tree (Arthritis)

35
Q

PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH OSTEOMYELITIS

36
Q

PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH TOXIC LOOKING RASHES

37
Q

DOC for rickettsia

A

Doxycycline

38
Q

TSST- toxic shock syndrome toxin

A
  • Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes;
  • major criteria: fever 38.8 or greater, hypotension. rash
39
Q

An 8 year-old male presents to the clinic with a history of low-grade fever, headache, and cough and colds for the past 3 days. He then develops a reddish facial flushing which then spread into the trunk and the upper arms. On close examination, the rash is erythematous macular with central clearing and does not affect the palms and soles. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Erythema Infectiosum

40
Q

A 1 year-old male came for consult for rashes. Four days prior, patient started having runny nose with clear nasal discharge with mild conjunctival redness. Three days ago, patient had a fever of 39C which resolved on the 3 rd day but a few hours after there was appearance of a rash starting on the trunk which eventually spread to the face and extremities. PE revealed small pinkish maculopapular lesions over the trunk, face and extremities, HR: 120, RR: 33, T37.2°C. What is the most likely diagnosis?

41
Q

causative agent for roseola

42
Q

Cough, coryza and conjunctivitis, and fever

A

Measles or Rubeola

43
Q

Posterior cervical, cervical or auricular nodes

A

German Measles or Rubella

44
Q

Slapped cheek looking then spread to trunk with central clearing

A

Erythema infectiosum or 5 th disease

45
Q

Abrupt onset of fever with URTI for 3-4 days, fever disappears & rashes appears on trunk and spread

A

Roseola or 6 th disease

46
Q

Preceded by rapid onset of fever, myalgia, ocular pain, hypesthesia. Rashes blanch on pressure

A

Dengue Fever

47
Q
  • Cough, coryza and conjunctivitis fever
  • fever disappears once rash has moved down to feet
A

Rubeola/MEASLES

48
Q

postexposure prophylaxis of Measles

A
  • Measles Ig for prevention & attenuation within 6 days of exposure (0.25 mL/kg max. of 15 mL IM)
  • Measles active vaccine can be given for susceptible children > 1 yr old within 72 hours
    • Infants <6 months old, pregnant & immunocompromised persons should receive Ig but not the active vaccine.
49
Q

Warthin-Finkeldey cells

50
Q

A 13 year-old female presents to the clinic due to generalized rash of 2 days duration. It initially started in the face and spread rapidly up to the legs within 1 day. There was accompanying fever of 38°C, (+) joint pains over the knees and ankles, persistence of symptoms prompted consult. PE revealed: slightly hyperemic conjunctivae and posterior pharynx, (+) generalized maculopapular rash over the whole body with some evidence of clearing in the face, (+) tender enlarged posterior auricular and cervical lymph nodes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

51
Q

Forchheimer spots

A

Rubella / German Measles

52
Q

Strawberry tongue may be seen in

A

Kawasaki disease or in scarlet fever.

53
Q

Koplik Spot

  • 2-3 days before rashes
  • grains of salt on a wet background
  • Clustered white lesions of buccal mucosa, adjacent 2 nd -3 lower molar
54
Q

Nagayama Spot

A

Roseola

* Reddish papules of soft palate

55
Q
  • Coryza, Cough, Conjunctivitis
  • High grade fever.
  • Rashes appear at peak of fever
  • Photophobia
  • Cephalo-caudal progression
  • Desquamation when rash reaches sole
  • Koplik Spot
A

Measles (Rubeola)

56
Q

Measles (Rubeola) period of communicability

A

4 days before and 4 days after onset of rash

57
Q
  • Low grade fever.
  • No photophobia
  • Cephalo-caudal rash.
  • POSTERIOR AURICULAR LN

• Forchheimer Spots

A

Rubella (German measles or 3 day measles)

58
Q
  • Togaviridae,
  • RNA
A

Rubella (German measles or 3 day measles)

59
Q

Period of communicability of Rubella (German measles or 3 day measles)

A

7 days before 7 days after rash

60
Q
  • Fever 3-5 days
  • High grade fever
  • Fussiness
  • Seizures

• RASHES APPEAR WHEN FEVER ABATES

• Nagayama spots

A

Roseola (Exanthem Subitum, Sixth Disease)

61
Q
  • Fever, malaise 1-2 days before rash
  • Maculopapular, vesicular, pustular lesions present simultaneously
  • Appear first on the trunk (sim to roseola)
62
Q

Period of communicability of Varicella

A

1-2 days before rash, 7 days after rash and ALL LESIONS HAVE CRUSTED

63
Q
  • Ulcers in tongue, buccal mucosa
  • Tender ulcers on hands and feet
A

Hand, foot and mouth disease

64
Q

Etiology of Hand, foot and mouth disease

A

Coxsackie Virus A16

65
Q
  • Slapped cheek appearance
  • Spread to trunk
  • Spares palms and soles
  • Complication: Aplastic Crisis
A

Erythema Infectiosum 5th disease

66
Q

Etiology of Erythema Infectiosum 5th disease

A

Parvovirus B19

67
Q

A 2 year-old male patient presents to the ER with fever 40°C and sore throat. Upon inspection, there are multiple vesicles and ulcers over the tonsillar pillars and posterior pharyngeal wall, no rashes on the body or extremities. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Herpangina

68
Q

Causative agent for Herpangina

A

Coxsackie A Virus

69
Q

Period of communicability of mumps

A

1-2 days before the onset of parotid swelling until 5 days after the onset of swelling

70
Q

• Pain & swelling in one or both parotid glands (peaks in 1-3 days)

• Swollen glands push the ear lobe upward & outward & the angle of mandible is no longer visible

• Swelling subsides within 3-7 days

71
Q

COMPLICATIONS OF MUMPS

A
  1. Meningoencephalitis
  2. Orchitis & epididymitis
  3. Oophoritis
  4. Pancreatitis
  5. Arthritis
72
Q

o Severe form of leptospirosis affecting <10% of children

o Hemorrhage & cardiovascular collapse

o RUQ pain, hepatomegaly, increased liver enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia

o Azotemia to oliguria to anuria

A

Icteric (Weil syndrome)

73
Q

most useful screening test for leptospirosis

A

Microscopic slide-agglutination test using killed Ags

74
Q

Treatment for Leptospirosis

A
  • Penicillin or Tetracycline
  • Parenteral Penicillin G 6-8 M U/m2/day in 6 divided doses for 1 week
75
Q

Dengue with warning signs:

PEDIATRICS - PLE TOPNOTCH 2020 (15 decks)

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