Infectious Diseases

Question 1

These agents cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.

Answer 1

Prions

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 321

Question 2

Infected cells show distinct nuclear and ill-defined cytoplasmic inclusions.

Answer 2

CMV infection

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 322

Question 3

Infected cells show glassy nuclear inclusions, frequently with a surrounding halo.

Answer 3

Herpesvirus infection

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 322

Question 4

Infected hepatocytes show diffuse granular (ground-glass) cytoplasm.

Answer 4

Hepatitis B viral infection

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 322

Question 5

Sexually transmitted protozoan that can colonize the vagina and male urethra.

Answer 5

Trichimonas vaginalis

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 325

Question 6

Protozoan acquired either by contact with oocyte-shedding kittens or by consumption of cyst-ridden undercooked meat.

Answer 6

Toxoplasma gondii

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 325

Question 7

Size of microorganisms for them to be inhaled directly into the alveoli.

Answer 7

5 um

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 327

Question 8

These microorganisms grow in contaminated food and releases powerful enterotoxins that cause food poisoning symptoms without any bacterial multiplication in the gut.

Answer 8

Staphylococcal strains

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 327

Question 9

Intestinal helminth that cause disease when present in large numbers or cause obstruction of the gut.

Answer 9

Ascaris lumbricoides

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 326

Question 10

Helminth that causes iron deficiency anemia by chronic loss of blood.

Answer 10

Hookworms

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 327

Question 11

Helminth that depletes vitamin B12 giving rise to an illness resembling pernicious anemia.

Answer 11

Diphyllobotrium latum

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 327

Question 12

Placentofetal route as a mode of transmission is also referred to as ________.

Answer 12

Vertical transmission

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 329

Question 13

The ability of bacteria to cause disease.

Answer 13

Virulence

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 331

Question 14

Bacterial surface molecules that bind to host cells.

Answer 14

Adhesins

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 332

Question 15

Filamentous proteins on gram negative bacteria which allow exchange of genes between bacteria, and also involved in adherence.

Answer 15

Fimbriae/pili

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 332

Question 16

Clostridium perfringens produces this toxin that disrupts plasma membranes resulting in digestion of host tissues and collagen.

Answer 16

Alpha toxin (lecithinase)

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 334

Question 17

Bacterial toxins with the capacity to stimulate large populations of T lymphocytes, functionally resulting in a “cytokine storm”.

Answer 17

Superantigens

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 334

Question 18

Examples of antigen presenting cells.

Answer 18

Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B-cells

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 334

Question 19

A superantigen secreted by S. aureus which causes inflammation, fever and shock. Found in the vagina of menstruating women.

Answer 19

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 334

Question 20

Collection of neutrophils which gives rise to localized liquefactive necrosis.

Answer 20

Abscess

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 334

Question 20

High risk agents of bioterrorism which are easily disseminated and has high potential for mortality. An example is smallpox.

Answer 20

Category A

TOPNOTCH

Question 21

A distinctive form of mononuclear inflammation usually evoked by infectious agents that resist eradication, but are capable of stimulating strong T cell mediated immunity. Characterized by epitheloid cells which may fuse to form giant cells.

Answer 21

Granulomatous inflammation

(TOPNOTCH)

Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 335

Question 22

Agents that are relatively easy to disseminate and produces moderate morbidity and low mortality. An example is E.coli O157:H7 which can cause HUS.

Answer 22

Category B

TOPNOTCH

Question 23

Includes emerging pathogens that have the potential for mass dissemination with high morbidity and mortality. Examples are Nipah virus and Hanta virus.

Answer 23

Category C

TOPNOTCH