Infectious diseases Flashcards
Night sweats are typically associated with: Malaria? Gastroenteritis? TB? Pneumonia?
TB. It is, in fact, the classic association. However, night sweats are seen in a wide range of other medical conditions such as endocarditis, abscesses, lymphoma and anti-depressant use.
High fevers occurring every two or three days is common in: Malaria Gastroneteritis TB Pneumonia
Malaria. Malarial fever occurs from the synchronised release of merozoites into the bloodstream. This typically occurs in cycles of 48-72 hours depending on the particular Plasmodium species.
Fever and diarrhoea in a 2 year-old must be due to gastroenteritis
True?
False?
False
Match the following:
Black tarry Green Rice-water Mucous vs Melaena Billious stool Cholera Irritable bowel syndrome
Black tarry - Melaena
Green - bilious stool
Rice-water - cholera
Mucous - irritable bowel syndrome
Acute diarrhoea and vomiting, 12 hours after eating chocolate cake with custard. Meningitis? Salmonella? Cholera? Malaria?
Salmonella
Headache developing over a few hours, with a purpuric rash and fever. Salmonella? Cholera? Malaria? Meningitis?
Meningitis
Diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain and septicaemia after eating meat, eggs or poultry. What is the correct diagnosis? Meningitis? Salmonella? Cholera? Malaria?
Salmonella
Malaria can be transmitted by a needle stick injury. True or false?
True
Dengue fever is an example of a bacterial fever. True or false?
False. It is an example of a viral haemorrhagic fever. Others include Lassa, Ebola and Marburg.
If a ward patient is suspected of having a viral haemorrhagic fever, the first step is to:
- Give blood transfusion
- Isolate patient and use contact precautions
- Give antiviral drugs
- Isolate patient and use contact precautions. The first step is to protect others and yourself by isolating the patient, using contact precautions, and informing the relevant infection control team. There are no anti-viral drugs to treat viral haemorrhagic fever, and blood is only transfused if clinically indicated.
Dengue fever is associated with a bright red rash. True or false?
True.
What are some of the radiological signs of TB?
Ground glass opacity
What infections can manifest as ground glass opacity in a CT/CXR (?)
PJP = Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonitis or PCP Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis
CMV
Herpes
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
What is the triad commonly seen in meningism?
Headache, neck stiffness and photophobia. They often come with nausea and vomiting.
This type of headache can be very intense, violent, diffuse (sometimes predominantly frontal) and constant (with paroxysms) and can prevent sleep.
It is worsened by: •noise (phonophobia) •light (photophobia) •coughing •abdominal pressure •flexion of the neck
Top 3 causes of community-acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae - Gram-positive, anaerobic, alpha-hemolytic/beta-hemolytic
Haemophilus influenzae - Gram-negative, anaerobic
Morrazela catarrhalis - Gram-negative, aerobic
Atypical organisms (Legionella species - gram negative, mycoplasma pneumoniae - gram positive, Chlamydia pneumoniae - gram negative)
