Infectious Diseases

Question 0

When it comes to antibiotics, what is something to be aware of when changing locations?

Answer 0

Different locales have different resistances

Question 1

What is the biggest cause of antibiotic resistance?

Answer 1

Overuse of broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 2

What does the pneumococcal vaccine do?

Answer 2

It lessens bacterial resistance to antibiotics

Question 3

What do natural penicillins work against?

Answer 3

strep, some enterococcus, some staph

Question 4

What type of bacteria do aminopenicillins work on?

Answer 4

Gram negative urinary and GI pathogens

Common gram negative respiratory pathogens

Question 5

What is a good general rule when it comes to dosing antibiotics?

Answer 5

Almost all ATBs require renal dosing

Question 6

What can be used to broaden the spectrum of penicillin ATBs?

Answer 6

beta-lactimase inhibitors such as:
Clavulanate
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

Question 7

What is an ADR to penicillin that many patients think is an allergic reaction?

Answer 7

A maculopapular rash occur in up to 9% of patients taking penicillin class drugs

Question 8

What is the first line drug for infection following bites (including human)?

Answer 8

Amoxicillin/clavulanate

Question 9

What is the first line drug for AOM and sinusitis?

Answer 9

Amoxicillin

Question 10

What is the name of the fifth generation cephalosporin and what is it used to treat?

Answer 10

Ceftaroline (Teflaro), and it treats MRSA

Question 11

How are cephalosporins excreted?

Answer 11

In the urine

Question 12

If a patient had a very severe allergic reaction to penicillin, what other class of antibiotic should the NP avoid?

Answer 12

Cephalosporins

Question 13

What two things should the NP monitor in all patients who are taking antibiotics?

Answer 13

Renal function and diarrhea (looking for C. diff)

Question 14

What are the age limits on fluroquinolones?

Answer 14

Not for use in people under 18

Question 15

What is the black box warning on fluoroquinolones?

Answer 15

May cause tendonitis/tendon rupture

Question 16

What should the nurse be aware of in regards to onset when prescribing fluoroquinolones?

Answer 16

It may have a delayed onset, as long as 120 days

Question 17

What kind of bacteria do fluoroquinolones work on?

Answer 17

most gram-negative bacteria

Question 18

What is the major problem with prescribing fluoroquinolones?

Answer 18

MANY bugs are resistant, including TB

Question 19

Can fluoroquinolones be used on pregnant patients?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

What disease states should fluoroquinolones be used in?

Answer 20

complicated UTI
pyelonephritis infections
chronic prostatitis
pneumonia
chronic bronchitis exacerbation

Question 21

How should fluoroquinolones be taken for best absorption?

Answer 21

On an empty stomach with a full glass of water

Question 22

What is an example of a lincosamide?

Answer 22

Clindamycin (Cleocin)

Question 23

What viruses is Acyclovir used on?

Answer 23

HSV 1 and 2
Varicella-zoster virus
Epstein-Barr virus
CMV
herpes virus 6

Question 24

What viruses is Valacyclovir used on?

Answer 24

The same viruses as acyclovir, since it converts in acyclovir after oral administration

Question 25

What viruses is Famciclovir used on?

Answer 25

HSV 1 and 2
Varicella-zoster virus
Epstein-Barr virus
hepatitis B virus