Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Complex Care 2 > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Which diseases should be routinely screened for in pregnancy in Australia?

A

HIV, Rubella, Hep B, Syphilis, Varicella, Group B strep and Urine culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 6 most common non-STI’s?

A 
UTI
Bacterial vaginosis
Candidiasis
Group B Strep
Hep B & C
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 7 most common STI’s?

A 
Chlyamydia
Gonorrhea
HSV Type 2
HIV
HPV
Syphilis
Trichomoniasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How common is asymptomatic bacteriuria, and how often will it convert to symptomatic UTI or pyelonephritis in pregnancy?

A

Present in 2-10% of women, and converts in 20 - 30% of pregnant women.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the treatment and management of UTI’s in pregnancy?

A 
Antibiotics for 7-10 days;
Increase fluids 1.5-2L per day;
Educate on hygiene;
Reduce simple sugars in diet and eat yoghurt or other probiotics while taking antibiotics;
Educate on S/S for women to report.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three main types of infections of the vagina and vulva?

A

Bacterial vaginosis
Trichomoniasis
Candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the S/S of BV, the treatment, and risks for pregnancy?

A

S/S - thin, grey/white discharge, may have fishy odour
Treated with antibiotics
Increases risk of spontaneous abortion, PROM, TPL, LBW. Can cause neonatal septicaemia and postpartum endometritis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Trichomoniasis and how is it treated?

A

It is an infection by a protozoan is usually sexually transmitted.

S/S - perineal itching, profuse discharge that may be frothy, yellow/green or grey with a foul odour, dyspareunia, mild dysuria and lower abdo pain.

Treat with antibiotics

Implicated in PROM, LBW and preterm delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is candidiasis and how is it treated/managed?

A

Common fungal infection. Highest rates in third trimester.

S/S - vaginal and vulva irritation, itching, white curd-like discharge, yeasty odour, dysuria and dyspareunia.

Treat with antifungal suppository or cream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chlamydia is the most common cause of PID, and is most common among people younger than 25. T or F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chlamydia is asymptomatic in _____ % of cases.

A

60 - 80.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Up to ________% of babies born to mothers infected with Chlamydia will become infected.

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which states are showing a rise in syphilis rates?

A

NT and QLD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the affect of syphilis on pregnancy?

A

May infect the fetus (if untreated - almost 100% infection rate), cause spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, death. Can increase HIV transmission (particularly if genital ulcer present).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is early onset GBS infection?

A

Infection presenting within the first 7 days of life. Late onset occurs from 7 days to 90 (three months).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When in pregnancy should GBS screening occur?

A

Between 35-37 weeks.

Not required if Hx of previous child with EOGBS or if GBS bacteriuria in pregnancy (NSW Health policy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In pregnancy, HPV warts tend to ________?

A

Proliferate and become friable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the S/S of genital herpes (HSV - 2)

A

Intense pain, dysuria, occasional itching, vaginal discharge, fever, headache, nausea, malaise, myalgia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When does HSV-2 pose a risk to the fetus?

A

A primary occurence in the third trimester poses a risk of infection to the neonate (potentially fatal). Otherwise safe to have a NVB.

20
Q

How is HSV-2 treated?

A

Aciclovir in pregnancy.

21
Q

A mother that carries Hep B has a ______% chance of infecting her baby.

A

90%

22
Q

How is transmission of Hep B to the fetus prevented?

A

All babies receive a Hep B immunisation at birth, aswell as Hep B immunoglobulins (85%-95% effective).

23
Q

How is Hep C usually transmitted?

A

IV drug use, accidental needle stick and blood transfusions.

24
Q

What care is required for a woman with Hep C?

A

Routine antenatal care with baseline liver function assessment;
Avoid ARM and FSE in labour.

25
Q

What is the risk of transmission of HIV without treatment?

A

Without antiretroviral therapy the transmissions rates are approx 20- - 25%.

With treatment for mother and baby, transmission rates can be 1% or less.

26
Q

Can a woman with HIV have a NVB?

A

Depends on viral load at onset of labour or ROM - if undetectable and on antirerovirals then can proceed.

Otherwise can elect LSCS at 38 weeks.

Breastfeeding is contraindicated.

27
Q

Maternal rubella infection in the first 16 weeks can cause ___________?

A

Fetal death, LBW, deafness, cataracts, jaundice, congenital heart disease, microcephaly and intellectual disability.

28
Q

How is listeriosis contracted, and what is the risk?

A

Contaminated food such as meat and dairy;

Preterm birth, neonatal sepsis or stillbirth.

29
Q

How can toxoplasmosis be acquired?

A

Ingestion of undercooked meats, ingestion of oocytes excreted by cats, mother to child transmission in pregnancy, or transplanted organs/blood products.

Over 50% of women may be asymptomatic.

30
Q

When is the transmission of toxoplasmosis to the fetus most likely?

A

Highest risk in third trimester (stillbirth), however teratogenetic effects weeks 10 - 24 such as visual and hearing loss, mental and psychomotor retardation, seizures, haematological abnormalities or stillbirth.

31
Q

What symptoms may be present for Chlamydia?

A

Vaginal discharge or abnormal bleeding
Abdo pain and fever
Infertility or ectopic pregnancy
Dysuria

32
Q

How is chlamydia diagnosed and treated?

A

By endocervical swab or 1st void urine and lower vaginal swab.

Treat with Azithromycin and retest in 1 month

33
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed and treated?

A

Diagnosed with blood test (note can have false positive in pregnancy)

Treat with penicillin.

34
Q

Gonnorrhea is asymptomatic in ____% of people

A

80

35
Q

If Gonno is left untreated what can happen?

A

Can affect tubal patency and fertility, upper genital tract infection

In pregnancy - increased risk of preterm birth; infection of neonate at birth

36
Q

How is Gonno treated?

A

250mg of Ceftriaxone

37
Q

What are the symptoms of listeriosis?

A

Fever, headache, tiredness, aches & pains.

Possibly diarrhea, nausea and abdo cramps.

38
Q

How is listeriosis treated?

A

penicillin or amoxyl/ampicilin

39
Q

How is BV treated?

A

Single dose of metronidazole.

40
Q

How is GBS infection treated?

A

Pencillin is preferred or ampicillin

1.2g of Benzyl Penicillin followed by 600mg 4hourly until birth

41
Q

A baby born to a HIV infected mother should be bathed immediately and NOT given any IM injections. T or F.

A

True

42
Q

60% of confirmed early onset GBS in the neonate occurs to women with a negative GBS culture. T or F?

A

True

43
Q

What are the risk factors for early-onset GBS infection?

A 
Hx of infant with EOGBS
GBS infection at any time in pregnancy
Preterm in established labour
Maternal pyrexia (>= 38
S/S of suspected chorioamnionitis
ROM for 18 hours or more.

For any of these factors - recommend IAP.

44
Q

Should a woman planning an elective LSCS be screened for GBS?

A

Yes - SROM and colonisation can still occur prior to planned LSCS.

However, IAP not required if membranes intact at time of LSCS - only if SROM or contractions prior to LSCS.

45
Q

What is the management for detection of EOGBS in the neonate?

A

In all cases - 4/24 observations for baby!

If term gestation well baby with mother receiving IAP and no risk factors in labour or hx then no treatment. 4/24 observations

If sibling hx or symptoms of maternal infection in labour - 4 hourly assessments of baby for 24 hours, consider for another 24 hours. Medical review to determine if antibiotics for baby needed.

If well baby without IAP given - 4 hrly assessment for 24 hrs, then consider additional 24hrs.

Preterm well baby with IAP - 4/24 observations and assess for further 24 hrs.

Complex Care 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions