Infectious diseases Flashcards
Which diseases should be routinely screened for in pregnancy in Australia?
HIV, Rubella, Hep B, Syphilis, Varicella, Group B strep and Urine culture
What are the 6 most common non-STI’s?
UTI Bacterial vaginosis Candidiasis Group B Strep Hep B & C
What are the 7 most common STI’s?
Chlyamydia Gonorrhea HSV Type 2 HIV HPV Syphilis Trichomoniasis
How common is asymptomatic bacteriuria, and how often will it convert to symptomatic UTI or pyelonephritis in pregnancy?
Present in 2-10% of women, and converts in 20 - 30% of pregnant women.
What is the treatment and management of UTI’s in pregnancy?
Antibiotics for 7-10 days; Increase fluids 1.5-2L per day; Educate on hygiene; Reduce simple sugars in diet and eat yoghurt or other probiotics while taking antibiotics; Educate on S/S for women to report.
What are the three main types of infections of the vagina and vulva?
Bacterial vaginosis
Trichomoniasis
Candidiasis
What are the S/S of BV, the treatment, and risks for pregnancy?
S/S - thin, grey/white discharge, may have fishy odour
Treated with antibiotics
Increases risk of spontaneous abortion, PROM, TPL, LBW. Can cause neonatal septicaemia and postpartum endometritis.
What is Trichomoniasis and how is it treated?
It is an infection by a protozoan is usually sexually transmitted.
S/S - perineal itching, profuse discharge that may be frothy, yellow/green or grey with a foul odour, dyspareunia, mild dysuria and lower abdo pain.
Treat with antibiotics
Implicated in PROM, LBW and preterm delivery
What is candidiasis and how is it treated/managed?
Common fungal infection. Highest rates in third trimester.
S/S - vaginal and vulva irritation, itching, white curd-like discharge, yeasty odour, dysuria and dyspareunia.
Treat with antifungal suppository or cream.
Chlamydia is the most common cause of PID, and is most common among people younger than 25. T or F
True
Chlamydia is asymptomatic in _____ % of cases.
60 - 80.
Up to ________% of babies born to mothers infected with Chlamydia will become infected.
70
Which states are showing a rise in syphilis rates?
NT and QLD
What is the affect of syphilis on pregnancy?
May infect the fetus (if untreated - almost 100% infection rate), cause spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, death. Can increase HIV transmission (particularly if genital ulcer present).
What is early onset GBS infection?
Infection presenting within the first 7 days of life. Late onset occurs from 7 days to 90 (three months).
When in pregnancy should GBS screening occur?
Between 35-37 weeks.
Not required if Hx of previous child with EOGBS or if GBS bacteriuria in pregnancy (NSW Health policy)
In pregnancy, HPV warts tend to ________?
Proliferate and become friable.
What are the S/S of genital herpes (HSV - 2)
Intense pain, dysuria, occasional itching, vaginal discharge, fever, headache, nausea, malaise, myalgia.
When does HSV-2 pose a risk to the fetus?
A primary occurence in the third trimester poses a risk of infection to the neonate (potentially fatal). Otherwise safe to have a NVB.
How is HSV-2 treated?
Aciclovir in pregnancy.
A mother that carries Hep B has a ______% chance of infecting her baby.
90%
How is transmission of Hep B to the fetus prevented?
All babies receive a Hep B immunisation at birth, aswell as Hep B immunoglobulins (85%-95% effective).
How is Hep C usually transmitted?
IV drug use, accidental needle stick and blood transfusions.
What care is required for a woman with Hep C?
Routine antenatal care with baseline liver function assessment;
Avoid ARM and FSE in labour.
