Infectious diseases

Question 1

List at least 3 important picornaviruses

Answer 1

FMD, Swine vesicular disease, seneca valley virus, equine rhinitis virus, polio (enterovirus)

Question 2

New world screwworm scientific name

Answer 2

Cochliomyia hominivorax

Question 3

What disease is hog cholera

Answer 3

Classic Swine fever virus (flaviviridae - pestivirus)

Question 4

List 3 pestiviruses

Answer 4

classic swine fever, bovine viral diarrhoea, sheep borderd disease

Question 5

What causes the hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome?

Answer 5

Four corners virus or Sin Nombre virus

Question 6

Salmonella serovariant related to cattle

Answer 6

Salmonella Duplin

Question 7

Salmonella serovariant related to swine

Answer 7

Salmonella choleraesuis

Question 8

Salmonella serovariant related to sheep

Answer 8

Salmonella abortusovis

Question 9

Salmonella serovariant related to poultry

Answer 9

Salmonella Gallinarum and Pullorum (mainly chicken)

Question 10

Salmonella serovariant related to humans

Answer 10

Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi

Question 11

Circling disease agent and animal

Answer 11

Listeria monocytogenes, ruminants

Question 12

Q fever symptoms in animals and humans

Answer 12

abortions in animals, respiratory disease and pneumonia in people

Question 13

Q fever incubation period

Answer 13

9-40 days

Question 14

Dengue fever: name, group, vector, hosts, mortality, treatment,

Answer 14

Breakbone fever - flavivirus (WN, Yellow fever), humans & primates only, Aedes Aegypti and Albopictus, 20% mortality untreated, vaccine available

Question 15

Hepatitis vaccine is available for what types

Answer 15

Hepatitis A & B

Question 16

Hepatitis virus types transmitted by food

Answer 16

A & E - fecal-oral

Question 17

What is the leading cause for requiring a liver transplant in the US?

Answer 17

Hepatitis C virus

Question 18

What is prp superscript c?

Answer 18

The normal prion protein found in the surface of neurons

Question 19

What can cause TSE?

Answer 19

Genetic: mutation-hereditary, infectious: exposure to PrP Sc, sporadic: spontaneous mutation

Question 20

Scrapie facts

Answer 20

Sheep and goats. Neurological signs and intense pruritus, start gazing, chewing tremors. Death in 2-6 weeks, sometimes 6 months. Not found in Australia and New Zealand. Resistant sheeps, selective depop. found in alimentary - feces & gut lymphoid

Question 21

Specified Risk Materials of BSE

Answer 21

All cattle: Distal ileum of the small intestine, Tonsils. Cattle 30 months of age and older: Brain, Skull, Eyes, Trigeminal ganglia, Spinal cord, Vertebral column (excluding the tail vertebrae, transverse processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, and the wings of the sacrum), Dorsal root ganglia

Question 22

What tissues can CWD be found?

Answer 22

Muscle, fat, organs, antler velvet and CNS tissues, excreted in many body fluids such as feces, saliva, blood, or urine

Question 23

What does the BSE feed regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) stipulate on deer?

Answer 23

Most material from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals, animal feed and feed ingredients containing material from a CWD-positive animal would be considered adulterated.

Question 24

What is the WHO guideline on TSE animal usage as feed?

Answer 24

No part or product of any animal with evidence of CWD or other TSEs should be fed to any species (human, or any domestic or captive animal)

Question 25

TSE prevention and control measures

Answer 25

* Targeted surveillance for clinical neurological disease * Livestock identification for surveillance and traceback to suspect livestock * Transparency in reporting findings of TSE * Safeguards on importation of live ruminant species and their products * Removal of specified risk material (SRM) (brain, spinal column) during slaughter and processing (cattle) * Appropriate disposal of carcasses and animal products • Prohibit the inclusion of SRM in animal feeds

Question 26

TSE sampling areas

Answer 26

Cattle: Obex Cervid: Retropharangeal LN, obex, recto-anal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT); blood, urine, feces, saliva. Sheep, goats: brain, palantine lymph nodes, third eyelid lymph follicles, rectal mucosa

Question 27

National Scrapie Eradication Program consists of?

Answer 27

scrapie slaughter surveillance, trace investigations, on-farm testing, scrapie free flock certification program, animal ID's of importance because of this

Question 28

CWD herd certification program

Answer 28

National voluntary CWD herd certification program (HCP) as well as interstate movement requirements for farmed and captive cervids (deer, elk, moose)

Question 29

BSE surveillance program

Answer 29

Ongoing surveillance of: cattle with CNS signs, VDL necropsy with similar clinical signs, render 3D and 4D facilities carcasses, slaughter over 30mths of age that is condemned or excluded due to health

Question 30

Acceptable forms of TSE carcass disposal

Answer 30

Alkaline hydrolysis and fixed-facility incineration. Some states accept these to landfill. No rendering, burial or composting recommended.

Question 31

What is casualty slaughter

Answer 31

The slaughter at a slaughterhouse, of an injured animal that has been deemed fit for transport under veterinary certification.

Question 32

What is fallen stock

Answer 32

Any animal that has died of natural causes or disease on a farm or that has been killed on a farm for reasons other than human consumption.

Question 33

immunoperoxidase staining

Answer 33

Agent specific antibody is coupled to an enzyme-chromogen marker that allows microscopic visualisation of target antigens in individual tissues or cells

Question 34

Buruli Ulcer

Answer 34

Tropical disease that starts from painless lump caused by mycobacterium ulcerans that infects humans and many mammals. Epidemia in Victoria, Australia 2018

Question 35

OIE mission areas

Answer 35

1. Transparency - disease occurence in member countries distributed trough WAHIS. 2. Scientific information - collect, analyse, distribute, 3 issues a year of the scientific and Technical Review. 3. International solidarity - technical support to control and eradicate animal diseases 4. Sanitary safety - develop normative rules around disease prevention 5. Promote veterinary services - improve legal fraimwork 6. Food safety & animal welfare - Codex Alimentarius Commission cooperation in pre slaughter settings and leading international organisation in animal welfare

Question 36

Main normative works done by OIE

Answer 36

1. The Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2. The Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 3. The Aquatic Animal Health Code 4. The Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals

Question 37

Who regulates genetically engineered products and how?

Answer 37

FDA - food and animals trough new animal drug legislation, includes Durability (alteration is stable), Environmental and food safety (hormonal & nutritional profile), environmental impacts, for food-producing animals their safety for humans and animals themselves, claim validation. APHIS - Plant Protection Act, planting, importation, or transportation, needs to be stable, not cause plant disease and contained

Question 38

What is the cattle fever tick and what diseases does it spread?

Answer 38

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, most important tick parasite of livestock in the world. Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale.