Environmental health & Toxicology Flashcards

Question

list the 5 steps in the import quarantine process

Answer 1

- animal is imported through a USDA Import Center (NY/ /Miami/LA) - preliminary examination and ID, health certificate and permit check by APHIS port vet - animal is taken to the local quarantine facility or refused entry (held at the import center until the problem is corrected or the animal is returned to its origin - p/e, sprayed for external parasites, taken to isolation facilities for 3, 7, 30, or 60 days - tested for diseases - state is notified of release if it all goes well

Answer 2

SAHO is an employee of the state and AVIC (ADD) is a federal employee who has responsibility for a state

Answer 3

NVSL (Ames, Iowa and Orient Point (Plum Island), New York) - FAD testing, export certification, surveillance, eradication, and control programs for domestic disease NAHLN- assists the NVSL if high laboratory submissions, and surveillance testing -IRL: can help diagnose exotic disease outbreaks or assist

Answer 4

1. Recognition: private practitioners suspect exotic disease 2 Report: to the federal authorities: State Animal Health Official (SAHO) or the Assistant District Director of APHIS (ADD) 3. Investigation: trained FADD to investigate (samples, necropsy, question) and enter it into the Emergency Management Response System (EMRS). Primary testing to the NVSL (to NAHLN if there is a high outbreak response) 4. Notification: feds notify OIE and neighboring countries, 5. Response: APHIS consults with other countries and coordinates a response to the disease 6. Recovery: US APHIS VS works towards recovery through local and state gov as well as livestock industries (pay for euthanasia, lift quarantines, renegotiate protocols)

Answer 5

A record-keeping system to update responsible parties on the situation during a foreign animal disease investigation or outbreak. The EMRS is only accessible to those with major responsibilities in foreign animal disease detection and response.

Answer 6

Aluminum, ammonia, arsenic, copper, fluoride, lead, nitrates/nitrites, mercury, radium, selenium, uranium, bleach, salts, pesticides, toxins produced by bacteria, and human or animal drugs.

Answer 7

DDT, DDE, chlordane, lindane (medical - treatment of lice and scabies), Cyclodienes (chlordane, dieldrin). Widely in agriculture, structural pest control, and malaria control programs around the world. Neurotoxins, absorbed from the GI tract, across the skin, and by inhalation. Highly lipid-soluble and accumulate with repeated exposure. Elimination does not follow first-order kinetics; compounds are released slowly from body stores over days to several months or years.

Answer 8

Also known as prussic acid poisoning or hydrocyanic acid poisoning can. Causes asphyxiation. Plants - grain sorghum, forage sorghum, sudangrass, sorghum sudangrass crosses, Johnsongrass, sweet sorghums. Susseptible: Cattle, sheep, and goats. Treat with inhaled sodium nitrate and sodium thiosulfate

Answer 9

Taking care when: Grazing young sorghum plants. Grazing sorghum plants stressed by rain, drought or freeze. Grazing plants that have regrown following tissue damage from livestock traffic, haying, or mowing.

Answer 10

1. Ozone (ground level) 2. Sulfur Dioxide SO2 3. Nitrogen Oxides NOx 4. Particulate 5. Carbon Monoxide 6. Lead

Answer 11

Index below 50 is good, over 150 unhealthy, over 300 hazardous

Answer 12

20% or over 200ppm headache, dizziness, shortness of breath. 50-80% or over 400 ppm for several hours lethal. No effect under 2%or under 35ppm

Answer 13

Scrubbers, Limiting amount of materials usage, Inspections and permitting

Answer 14

Reformulated gasoline, automobile pollution control | devices, and vapor recovery nozzles on gas pumps

Answer 15

Changing stoves, OSHA - Threshold limit values (TLV), Use of ventilation or personal protective equipment