infectious diseases

Question 1

bacterial causes of bloody diarrhoea

Answer 1

e coli
campylobacter
shigella

Question 2

viral caues of diarrhoea

Answer 2

-norovirus
-rotavirus
-CMV (can lead to colitis in immunocompromised)
-

Question 3

parasites that can cause diarrhoea

Answer 3

• entamoeba histolytica

- immunocompromised: cryptosporidium, Isospora belli, Giardia lamblia, Cyclospora and Miicrosporidia

Question 4

how do you treat CMV infection in non HIV immunocompromised people?

Answer 4

Ganciclovir

Question 5

name 2 opportunistic infections:

Answer 5

• candida

- pseudonomas aeriginosa

Question 6

what would be the clinical features of necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 6

-pain out of keeping with the clinical signs

Question 7

what investigations would you do in necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 7

-USS

would show thickening of the subcutaneous tissues and fluid collecting along the fascial plane

Question 8

how would you manage necrotizing fasciitis ?

Answer 8

surgical debridement

IV antibiotics

Question 9

what are the two types of necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 9

type 1 : mixed anaerobes and aerobes. often occurs post surgery and in diabetics
type 2: caused by strep pyogenes (Group A strep)

Question 10

risk factors for cellulitis

Answer 10

diabetes
venous stasis 
lymphoedema
obesity
pedal oedema ( CCF)

Question 11

most common causes of cellulitis

Answer 11

• staph A

- group A strep (strep pyogenes)

Question 12

risk factors for complicated influenza

Answer 12

BMI >40
pregnancy
immunosuppression
>65 yrs
Diabetes 
Other diseases

Question 13

following the flu, what is a serious complication that can occur?

Answer 13

-secondary bacterial pneumonia .
caused by strep pneumoniae
staph A
Haemophilus Influenzae

-myositis and rhabdomyolysis are most common in children but are overall rare

Question 14

what drugs can be used for influenza prophylaxis?

Answer 14

neuroaminidase inhibitors

Oseltamivir or Zanamivir

Question 15

how would you treat candidaemia/

Answer 15

IV antifungal eg caspofungin

Question 16

how do you test for infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 16

monospot test

Question 17

what are the differentials for a hyperechoic liver lesion on USS

Answer 17

• liver mets
• hepatocellular carcinoma
• liver abcess (pyogenic)
• hyatid cyst
• liver abcess (amoebic)

Question 18

clinical signs of a liver abscess

Answer 18

fever

RUQ pain

Question 19

how would you manage a liver abscess

Answer 19

commence broad spectrum antibiotics
send for blood cultures
arrange image guided percutaneous drainage of the abscess

Question 20

what could fever be a sign of

Answer 20

• infection
• autoimmune condition
• malignancy
• drug reaction