breast

Question 1

what are suspicious features of a breast lump

Answer 1

• craggy edge
• irregular
• tethering
• growing lump
• pmh breast ca
• skin dimpling
• nipple retraction
• blood stained discharge

Question 2

what is the best way to take a biopsy?

Answer 2

US guided core biopsy

Question 3

whats the equivalent background radiation for a mammogram?

Answer 3

2 months to a year

Question 4

what is the lymphatic drainage of the breast?

Answer 4

axillary nodes

internal mammary nodes

Question 5

what is the most common form of breast cancer?

Answer 5

invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 6

what do the pathologists look at to determine the grade of a cancer?

Answer 6

• amount of gland formation
• the nucleus
• the mitotic activity

Question 7

what can you give for HER2 positive cancers?

Answer 7

Herceptin

Question 8

What can you give for ER positive cancers?

Answer 8

Tamoxifen

Question 9

what can we use to estimate breast cancer survival?

Answer 9

predict score

Question 10

what 3 components are used to determine a cancer’s stage?

Answer 10

• size
• lymph node involvement
• metastases

Question 11

side effects of tamoxifen

Answer 11

menopausal symptoms eg
hot flushes
night sweats
vaginal dryness 
loss of libido

also
dvt
endometrial thickening
cataracts

Question 12

when does cyclical breast pain become most painful?

Answer 12

during the luteal phase (latter half) of the cycle

Question 13

define adjuvant

Answer 13

therapy with is given after definitive treatment. The aim is to increase the chances of cure.

Question 14

define neo adjuvant

Answer 14

treatment given before the main treatment with the aim of shrinking the tumour.