Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

5th year countdown > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Meningitis - common symptoms and signs

A 
Neck stiffness 
Headahce 
↓ conciousness
Seizures
photophobia 
Kernig sign
\+/- rash if meningococcal septicaemic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When do you not do an LO

A 
Thrombocytopenia (bleeding risk)
↑ICP
CV unstable, septic 
Coagulation problems 
Infection at LP site
Neurolgy - focal symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

LP interpretation

A

Bacterial: Turbid, Cells: neutrophils, Glucose ↓: protein ↑↑
Viral: Cells: Lymphocytes, glucose normal, protein ↑

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What factors to consider for causative organisms

A

Age (baby, young person, old person)

Immunosuppressed (HIV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Common bacterial and viral causes

A 
Bacterial
Neiseeria meningitis 
S. pneumonia 
Listeria
Haemophilus
TB

Viral
HSV
Enterovirus: Coxsackie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

< 1 month

A

Ampicillin and cefotamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

> 1 month and < 50 yrs

A

Ceftriaxone & vancomycin + dex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

> 50 yeats

A

Ampicillin & vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contacts

A

Ciprofloxacin, Rifampicim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Viral mgmt

A

Tx as bacterial until proven otherwise
Supportive
HSV or VZV aciclovir
CMV: Ganciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Viral meningitis mgmt

A

Tx as bacterial until proven otherwise
Supportive
HSV or VZV aciclovir
CMV: Ganciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Encaphilitis

A 
Focal neurology 
Altered consciousness levels 
Seizures
Personality changes
Hx travel/animal bit

Prodromes →
rash cold sore
Conjunctivitis
Lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes

A 
Viral 
HSV2 
CMV
EBV
VZV
HHV6

Bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mgmt

A

Associated problems → mg seizures (phenytoin), electrolytes
Tx IV aciclovir

once got CSF results back tx with specific antivirals e.g. + ganciclovir for CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Toxplasmosis encephalitis - how does it show on CT

A

Multiple ring enhancing lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TB

A

Weight loss, night sweats, haemoptysis

Effusions, recent travel, crowded living environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primary TB

A

Spreading coughing

Primary Gohn focus in lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Secondary TB (latent)

A

Remains asymptomatic, non infectious 10% will reactive in their lifetime. (10% yearly for HIV)
1/3 of world population have latent TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Secondary

A

Active TB, often due to ↓ host immunity (chemo) or re-infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Investigations for active TB

A 
CXR
Sputum samples - 3 
1) culture  → gold standard, takes 3 weeks 
2) Microscopy: acid fast bacilli → fast
3) NAAT (PCR)
21
Q

Latent TB - two tests.

For the first - describe the test and its limitations.

A

Mantoux test → intradermal TB injection of protein, look for size induration at 48-72 hours.

False positive → BCG, previous exposure, environmental mycobacteria
False negative → HIV, Sarcoid, lymphoma, current infection

IGRA - used if positive mantoux test - shows if positive due to BCG vaccine

22
Q

Mgmt Tb - common side effects of the 4 drugs

A 
Initial 2 months
Rifampicin
isonizid 
pyrozinamide 
ethambutol
23
Q

Rifampicin SE

A

ORANGE urine

24
Q

isonizid SE

A

sensory neuropathy

25
Q

pyrozinamide SE

A

hepatits, arthralgia

26
Q

ethambutol SE

A

Optic neuritis

27
Q

Define MDR-TB

A

Resistant to any 2 of first line drugs

28
Q

XDR-TB

A

Resistant to ++++

29
Q

How to spot HIV in MCQ

A

Patient background
Seroconversion
Complications of HIV

30
Q

Seroconversion - when does it happen and how does it present

A

2-3 weeks after first infection, non-specific flu like symptoms, rash malaise

31
Q

Inv HIV a) point of care b) follow up

A

Point of care → ELISA (immnuoassay) - blood or saliva
Western blot - confirmation - must be a while after exposure
Viral PCR used in the window period - not common

32
Q

Mgmt

A

2NRTIs + 1 other agent - regardless of CD4 count

NRTI - Zidovudine, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir
INSTI, NNRTI, PI

33
Q

Monitoring of HIV mgmt

A

Load viral load - monitor 3-6 months or 2-3 months if more severe

34
Q

Complications of HIV TB

A

risk of reactivation + disseminated disease

35
Q

Complications of HIV pneumonia

A

Pneumocystic Jerovicci (co-trimoazole prophlyaxsis if lof CD4)

36
Q

Complications of HIV - encephalitis

A

Toxoplasmossis

37
Q

Complication of HIV - mouth/osephagus

A

Candidiais

38
Q

Malaria in MCQs

A 
High fever - cyclic every 2 or 3 days
Recent travel (usually within 1 month)
Headache 
Malaise 
Jaundice 
Anaemia 
Splenomegaly 
Seizure, metabolic acidosis, pulmonary oedema - if falciparum
39
Q

Inv of malaria

A

Serial giesma stain thick and thin blood films

40
Q

Types of malaria

a) Most common, most serious
b) less serious

A

a) Plasmodium falciparum

b) other ones (p. ovale, p malariae, p vivax)

41
Q

Mgmt malaria

A

Depends on type and sensitivity (chloroquine sensitivity ↑- used to be common Tx)

Plasmodium falciparum → Artmether/lumefantrine - 6 oral doses over 2-3 days if uncomplicated

42
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Depends on where you are going and sensitivity of region. Usually on required when p. falciaparum

Resistant areas: Atovaquone, malarone, doxycycline

43
Q

Buzzword - dengue

A 
Haemorrhagic fever
Aedes Mosquitos
Flushing face &amp; neck
Macuopapular rash
Headache, arthalgia
Bleeding gums
Hepatospegauly and jaundice 
Confirmed on serology
South &amp; central america, Asia, africa
44
Q

Buzzword typhoid

A 
Faecol/oral
Salmonella
3-21 days incubation
Malaise, headache, cough, constipation
High fever with relative bradycardia 
Dirrhoea after 1 week
Rose spots (patch red)
Tx Ceftoamine cipro
45
Q

Buzzword Lyme

A

Borrelia burgdoferi
Tick bite
walkers
Early: erythema migrant - target lesion
Disseminated: malaise, arthritis, hepatitis
Late: focal neurology, myocarditis, heart block
Tx: Doxycyclin, IV benzlpen (complications)

46
Q

Buzzword Rickettsia

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever
Tick
fever, N+V, conjucitivtis
Widespread rash, peripheral to central and more widespread

47
Q

Buzzword Leptospirosis

A 
Weil's disease
Spread by infected rat urine
Swimming, canoeing
High fever
cough +haemoptysis (pulmonary haemorrhage_ 
meningitis 
Jaunduce
48
Q

Buzzword Brucellosis

A 
Unpasteurised milk and chees
Vets/farmers
Undulant fever - peak in afternoon
Sweats, malaise, anorexia
Arthritis/ spine tenderness
Rose bengal test
Anti-o polysaccharide test
49
Q

Buzzword Trypanosomiasis

A 
African sleeping sickness
Fly
fever, riggers, headaches rash
Meningoencaphilitis stage → weeks to months after confusion, agitation, conclusions, psychiatric changes
2 different types in W and E africa 
Thick and thin blood films

5th year countdown (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions