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5th year countdown > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common skin cancer in uk

A

BCC

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2
Q

Risk factors for BCC

A

M > F
UV exposure
Skin Type 1
Immunesuppresion

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3
Q

Typical appearance of BCC

A

Pearly rolled edge
Ulcerated centre
Telangiectesia

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4
Q

Do they commonly metastasise

A

No, but if they do its bad

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5
Q

Does SCC metastasise

A

Yes - locally invasive

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6
Q

RF for SCC

A

UV exposure
Pre-malignancy conditions
Genetic predisposition

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7
Q

Presentation SCC

A

Kerastotic (scaly, crusty)

Ill-defined

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8
Q

Dignosis

A

Biopsy

+- CT

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9
Q

Tx

A

Surgical excision

Prognosis good unless mets

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10
Q

Maliganant melanoma tumour of what cell

A

epidermal melanocytes

3rd most common cancer in M & W

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11
Q

RF

A

Multiple melanocytic naevi

> 5 atypical naevi

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12
Q

Presentation

A 
A asymmetrical 
B boarder irregularity 
C colour irregularity 
D > 6mm
E evolution - change, bleed
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13
Q

4 subtypes

A

Superficial spreading
lentigo maligna
nodular
acral lentiginous

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14
Q

Scoring system

A

Looks a thickness

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15
Q

Tx

A

Surgical excision

+- CT (chemo + radio)

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16
Q

Eczema prevalence in < 12 years

A

20%

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17
Q

Exacerbated by

A

Stress

Allergens

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18
Q

Presentation

A

itchy
flexor
erythematous patches

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19
Q

4 types

A

Nummular dermatitis -related to injury
seborrhoea dermatitis - skin folds
irritant contact - relation to products
allergic contact dermatitis - nickle

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20
Q

Tx eczema

A

Avoid triggers
emollients - 3-4 a day keep skin moist and create barrier
Steroids if inflamamed

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21
Q

Steroid ladder

A

Mild :hydrocortison
Moderate: emovate
Potent
V potent

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22
Q

Cause of psoriasis

A

Overgrowth of keratinocytes

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23
Q

triggers psoriasis

A

stress

trauma infection

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24
Q

presentation psoriasis

A

well demarcated
extensor surface
symmetrical
Auspitz sign - scratch causes capillary bleeding
nail changes (50%) - pitting, leukonychia, onchlysis

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25
Q

associated conditions psoriasis

A

Psoriatic arthropathy
uveitis
IBD
metabolic syndrome

26
Q

Tx psoriasis

A

Topcical Tx - emollients
Systemic agents - oral steroids or immunosuppressants (MTX) → dermatology
Phototherapy

27
Q

Acne causes

A

Hormonal
↑ sebum production
bacterial colonisation

related to stress

28
Q

Presentations

A 
Non-inflam = open and close comedones
Inflam = papules and pustules nodule and cyst

→ face, chest upper back

29
Q

Tx

A

Mild

  • topical agents - retinoids
  • COCP

Moderate

  • antibiotics - tetracycline
  • anti-androgen therapy

severe

  • referral to term
  • isotretinoin (dries skin, teratogenic, monitor LFT)
30
Q

Rosacea - who common in

A

30-60 years
W>M
Cause unknown

31
Q

Rosacea presentation

A 
Flushing 
telangiectasia 
central face
ocular rosacea - gritty in eye
avoid topical steroids -
Topical antibiotics - metronidazole
32
Q

Common bacterial infection

Appearance +

A

Cellulitis
Erysipelas - more superficial

→ red, warm, tender
→ mark skin
→ antibiotics oral or IV

33
Q

Impetigo

A

honey crusted lesion
very contagious - washing hands, wash bed lined
topical antibiotics - fucidin can consider oral

34
Q

Staphlycocoal scalded skin syndrom

A

Staphly coagulase negative - severe infection, very painful → admit

35
Q

Warts causes + incubation

A

HPV
Spread - auto inoculation, direct to skin to skin
12 months

36
Q

Presentation

A

Keratinous surface

verruca

37
Q

Tx

A

Cryoptherapy

38
Q

Varicella zoster infection

A

chicken pox

no Tx unless immnuocromised (aciclovir - risk encephalitis)

39
Q

Herpes zoster painful rash

A 
Shingles 
Can have pain before dermatomal rash 
Tx acyclovir if early in presentation 
Clears 3-4 weeks
Comps: post hepatic pain
40
Q

Fungal - dermatophyte (ringword)

A

named based on location it infects

41
Q

Tx candidiasis

A

clotrimazole cream

42
Q

Tx pityriasis versicolour

A

Discolouration of skin

Common in young in summer months

43
Q

Scapies CF

A

Itch worse at night might see burrows

Topical permethrin 5% cream, Malathion 0.5% liquid
Tx close contacts

44
Q

Blistering pemphigus

A

Rare automiine
Middle aged
effects epidermis

presents:
Blisters and erosions → rupture
skin and mucus membranes

45
Q

Tx

A

Steroids

Immunosuppressant

46
Q

Pemphigoid

A

Deeper in skin - hemidesmosomes

Present
Tense, fluid filled blister 
itch 
trunk and limbs
Less likely to burst
47
Q

TX

A

Wound dressing

local or systemic Tx

48
Q

Emergency

Erythema multiform

A

Acutre inflammatory condition
May be ppt HSV

Target lesions, rarely mucosal

Usually self-resolving
Ensure no drug or infection causing it

49
Q

Steven johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

Rare - potential fatal
Usually 2 to medications

100 x more common in HIV

50
Q

Presentation

A

Nikolsky sign - rub skin and blisters off

51
Q

complications

A

dehydration
infection
gi ulceration
shock

SJS <10% BSA
TEN >30% BSA

SCROTEN used to predict mortality

52
Q

Dermatomyotitis

A

50-70 years
Rash - proximal myopathy
heliotrop rash - over eyelids and butterfly
gottron papules - knuckles finger - non tender

steroids and immunosuppressents

53
Q

Systemic sclerosis

A 
CREST
Calcinosis 
Raynauds
Oesphalgeal dysmobility 
Telangestastia

Diffuse or systemic

54
Q

Erythema nodosum

A

Diffuse hypersensitivity
present: tender, common shins

Ass:
TB, malignancy, gastric malignancy, sarcoidid, IBD

55
Q

Acanthosis nigerians

A 
Cushing's 
PCOS 
Insulin resistance 
Malignancy 
Drug induced (steroids)
56
Q

Lichen Planus

A

10

purple, flat topped macules
forearms and wrists
Look in mouth

57
Q

Koebner phenomeno - what is and what associated with

A

Scratch and leave mark

psoriasis lichen planus, vitiligo

58
Q

Actinic keratosis associated

A

SCC

59
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

Pearly, with umbilicate centre

60
Q

Guttate psoriasis - Hx

A

Recent sore throat → diffuse rash

61
Q

Rhinophyma what is it, who more common in which condition is it associated with?

A

Rosacea - most common in men
British association of dermatologist app
k

5th year countdown (17 decks)

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