Infectious Diseases

Question 1

in children is defined as

Answer 1

a rectal temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) or higher

Question 2

typical bacterial pathogens in 0-1 month and treatment

Answer 2

Group B streptococcus
Escherichia coli
Listeria monocytogenes

Ampicillin + gentamicin or cefotaxime

Question 3

typical bacterial pathogens in 1-3 months and treatment

Answer 3

Group B streptococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Listeria monocytogenes

Ampicillin + cefotaxime (+ vancomycin if bacterial meningitis suspected)

Question 4

typical bacterial pathogens in 3 months-3yrs and treatment

Answer 4

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Neisseria meningitidis

Cefotaxime (+ vancomycin if bacterial meningitis suspected)

Question 5

typical bacterial pathogens in 3yrs to adult, and treatment

Answer 5

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis

Cefotaxime (+ vancomycin if bacterial meningitis suspected)

Question 6

If the 3mo-3yr child is nontoxic-appearing and the temperature is

Answer 6

39 (102.2)

Question 7

infant presents with fever, poor feeding, irritability, lethargy and respiratory distress. suspect what?

Answer 7

meningitis

Question 8

Physical exam maneuvers used in older children to evaluate nuchal rigidity?

Answer 8

Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s

Question 9

LP findings in bacterial meningitis?

Answer 9

• Pleocytosis (neutrophils); CSF WBC > 5,000 cells/mm3

- CSF to serum glucose

Question 10

pt presents with focal neuro findings and suspicion for meningitis. work up?

Answer 10

CBC + Bcx
UA + Ucx
LP
CT to look for abscess

Question 11

most common complication of bacterial meningitis?

Answer 11

hearing loss

Question 12

aseptic meningitis: MC causes?

Answer 12

HSV, EBV, CMV, Mumps and enteroviruses (#1), TB (cx and stains rarely positive)

• Also, lymphocytic choriomeningitis
• lyme disease, syphilis, fungi (coccidioides, cryptococcus, histoplasmosis), parasites (taenia solium, toxoplasma gondii)

Question 13

Tx TB meningitis

Answer 13

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Streptomycin

Question 14

1st line treatment for giardia

Answer 14

tinidazole

Question 15

1st line treatment for Diphyllobothrium latum (tape worm)

Answer 15

Praziquantel

Question 16

doxycycline is contraindicated in children

Answer 16

8

Question 17

3 treatment options for B. bergdorferri

Answer 17

Doxycycline (≥9yo)
Amoxicillin
Cefuroxime

Question 18

what has been shown to reduce the morbidity and mortality of Measles infection?

Answer 18

vitamin A (immune enhancement)

Question 19

koplik spots

Answer 19

measles

found on mucosa (buccal, vaginal, etc; white)

Question 20

gray vesicles/ulcers on posterior oropharynx?

Answer 20

Coxsackie A (not HSV)

Question 21

pathogen causing bullous impetigo? treatment?

Answer 21

S. aureus
oral abx (dicloxacilin, e.g.)

Question 22

treatment for non-bullous impetigo?

Answer 22

topical abx (mupirocin)

Question 23

most common pathogenic organism in young children with CF?

Answer 23

Staph aureus

Question 24

prophylactic treatment s/p cat bite?

Answer 24

augmentin for 5 days

Question 25

tx of gonococcal conjunctivitis?

Answer 25

IM or IV ceftriaxone or cefotaxime