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Peds/Geriatrics > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

most common causes of bacterial meningitis in neonate

A

group B strep and E. coli

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2
Q

skin signs most common with N. meningitidis

A

petechiae and purpura

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3
Q

tx bacterial meningitis

A

empiric abx therapy. in neonate- ampicillin, gentamycin, cefotaxime. in infant and children- 3rd generation cephalosporin and vancomycin

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4
Q

tx for Hib meningitis

A

dexamethasone

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5
Q

most common cause of viral meningitis

A

enterovirus

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6
Q

meningitis caued by HSV

A

manifests as encephalitis- poor prognosis

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7
Q

viral meningitis tx

A

empiricaly tx for bacterial meningitis until r/o. consider empiric therapy with acyclovir if associated encephalitis or suspect HSV infection

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8
Q

watery discharge from eye, burning, sandy, gritty feeling in eye, bumpy appearance of conjunctiva in R eye) after 2 days, L eye also affected. suspect

A

viral conjunctivitis

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9
Q

viral conjunctivitis most common pathogen

A

adenovirus

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10
Q

most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Strep pneumoniae

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11
Q

If gonorrheal conjunctiviits,

A

refer immediately

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12
Q

red R eye that has thick and purulent discharge. dx and tx?

A

bacterial conjunctiviits- erythromycin opthalmic ointment or polymyxin/trimethoprim drops

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13
Q

red, itchy eyes think

A

allergic conjunctivitis

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14
Q

sinus development

A

maxillary and ethmoid at birth. sphenoid develop at 5. frontal develop by age 7-8

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15
Q

common cold aka

A

viral rhinosinusitis

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16
Q

most common cause of common cold

A

rhinovirus

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17
Q

how many colds will my child get/year and how long will it last?

A

6-8 colds/year if under 6. symptoms last 14 days often

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18
Q

acute bacterial rhinosinusitis AND acute otitis media causes

A

strep pneumonia, H influenzae, m. catarrhalis

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19
Q

most important risk factor of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis

A

viral URI and allergic rhinitis

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20
Q

when do you suspect bacterial vs. viral cause of cold

A

id symptoms present for 10 or more days WITHOUT improvement

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21
Q

acute bacterial rhinosicnusitis tx

A

augmentin or 2nd gen cephalo - 1st line. doxycycline if PCN allergic

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22
Q

otitis externa pathogens

A

pseudomonas, s. epidermidis, s. aureus

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23
Q

acute otitis media dx

A

fluid in middle ear, acute signs of illness, sings or symptoms of middle ear inflammation

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24
Q

peak incidence of acute otitis media

A

6-18 months

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25
Q

acute otitis media tx

A

amoxicillin x 10 days if child under 2. if over 2, treat for 5-7 days

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26
Q

recurrent acute otitis media definition

A

3 or more AOM well documented infections in last 6 months, or 4 or more episodes within 12 months

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27
Q

tx options for recurrent acute OM

A

abx prophylaxis or tympanostomy tubes

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28
Q

presence of middle ear effusion without acute signs and symptoms of infection, accompanied by conductive hearing loss

A

otitis media with effusion

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29
Q

most common cause of sore throat

A

viral tonsillopharyngitis caused by adenovirus, enterovirus

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30
Q

most common EBV infection

A

mono

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31
Q

strep throat aka

A

bacterial tonsillopharyngitis

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32
Q

most common cause of strep throat

A

group A strep

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33
Q

sore throat, anterior cervical adenopathy, pharyngeal exudate, scarlatiniform rash, palatal petechiae, fever/chills, myalgia, HA, N/V

A

bactieral tonsillopharyngitis

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34
Q

dx in mono vs. strep throat

A

mono- monospot, heterophile antibody test, IgG and IgM antibody testing, CBC, CMP. strep throat- rapid antigen detection test. if negative, obtain confirmatory throat culture

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35
Q

strep throat (group A strep tonsillopharngitis) tx

A

PCN or amoxicillin first line. erythromycin if PCN allergy

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36
Q

4 major complications of strep throat

A

sclarlet fever, rheumatic fever, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

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37
Q

most commonly performed operation in children

A

adenotonsillectomy

38
Q

absolute indications for adenotonsillectomy

A

airway obsturction, tumor, obstruction taht interferes with swallowing, and uncontrollable hemorrhage from tonsillar blood vessels

39
Q

sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue, pastia’s lines (bright red color in creases of underarm and groin)

A

scarlet fever

40
Q

subcutaneous skin nodules, sydenham chorea, migratory inflammatory arthritis, erythema marginatum, carditis

A

rheumatic fever- occurs 14-28 days after strep throat or scarlet fever

41
Q

major and minor diagnostic critera for Rheumatic fever

A

major- migratory arthritis involving large joints, carditis, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous skin nodules, sydenham chorea. minor- fever, elevated acute phase reactants, arthralgia, abnormal EDG

42
Q

rheumatic fever diagnosis

A

elevated or rising antistreptolysin O antigen titer, postive rapid strep antigen/throat culture, elevated CRP, ESR, CBC- mild anemia

43
Q

“thick gray pharyngeal membrane”, marked cervical adenopathy after recent travel. life threatning condition of infectious pharyngitis

A

diphtheria

44
Q

most common cause epiglottitis

A

H. influenze

45
Q

epiglottis admit to hospital and what abx given

A

broad spectrum- 3rd gen ceph plus antistaph agent against MRSA

46
Q

parotitis etiology

A

viral- mumps, parainfluenza, influenza A

47
Q

bilateral swelling, pain just inferior to ear that worsens with chewing, fevers

A

parotitis

48
Q

leading cause of hosp in younger kids

A

acute bronchiolitis

49
Q

acute bronchiolitis pathogen

A

RSV

50
Q

biggest risk factor a/w acute bronchiolitis

A

premature infant

51
Q

acute bronchitis most commonly affects

A

infants less than 2

52
Q

RSV difference in presentation younger vs.older

A

younger- Lower RI (bronchiolitis or pneumonia). if older- often URI (tracheobronchitis)

53
Q

croup aka

A

laryngotracheitis

54
Q

most common cause laryngotracheitis

A

parainfluenza virus type I

55
Q

most common ages affected with croup

A

6-36 months

56
Q

sudden onset of inspiratory stridor AT NIGHT and is of short duration and sudden cessation

A

spasmodic croup

57
Q

pertussis- individual most contagious during

A

catarrhal stage and first 2 weeks of paroxysmal stage

58
Q

3 phases in pertussis

A

catarrhal (nonspecific prodrome 1-2 weeks), paroxysmal (persistent coughing attacks 2-6 weeks), and convalescent (cough dec over several wks to months)

59
Q

if abx is given early in pertussis, may be helpful. what kind:

A

if less than 1 month- azithromycin. otherwise, macrolides first choice (eryth, azith, clarith) or bactrum

60
Q

most common pathogen in pneumonia

A

if neonate- group B strep. less than 5 infant - viral. . older than 5- S. pneumonia

61
Q

HSV-1 referred to as

A

herpes labilias, aka cold sores

62
Q

HSV-1 presents as__ in children

A

gingivostomatitis

63
Q

HSV dx and tx

A

viral culture, viral serology. tx with antivirals and analgesia

64
Q

does neonatal HSV infection have good prognosis

A

NO- high morbidity and mortality. . can result in hydrops fetalis and fetal in utero demise. prevention of maternal-fetal transmission important

65
Q

3 categories of neonatral HSV infection

A

localized skin, eye, and mouth, central NS, and disseminated disease

66
Q

high, high fever for 3-5 days followed by blaching maculopapular rash for 1-2 days

A

roseola infantum

67
Q

peak incidence of roseola infantum

A

7-13 months of age

68
Q

etioogy roseola infantum

A

herpes virus 6

69
Q

widespread inflammation of medium and small sized blood vessels

A

kawasaki disease

70
Q

most common symptom of kawasaki

A

fever

71
Q

kawasaki dz tx

A

IVIG and ASA- best if administerd within 10 days

72
Q

diagnostic criteria Kawasaki

A

Fever for 5 or more days a/w 4 of 5 following physical findings: conjunctivitis, oral mucous membrane changes (cracked lips, strawberry tongue, injected pharynx), peripheral extremity changes (desquamation, edema of hands/feet, erythema of palms/soles), polymorphous rash, cervical lymphadenopathy. should have ECHO at time of diagnosis and 6-8 wks after onset

73
Q

glucocorticoids helpful in kawasaki?

A

NO

74
Q

non specific symptoms followed by bright red cheeks, rash on arms and legs, and/or arthralgias

A

erythema infectiosum

75
Q

erythema infectiosum aka

A

slapped cheek

76
Q

erythema infectiousum caused by

A

human parvovirus B19

77
Q

rash that clears from center outwards giving lacy apperaance

A

erythema infectiousum

78
Q

measles aka

A

rubeola

79
Q

koplik’s spots or “grains of salt in red background”

A

tiny white spots inside mouth- measles

80
Q

child with fever, malaise, cough, coryza, followed by maculopapular blanching rash beginnong on face and spreading cephalocaudally. also has grains of salt in red background inside mouth

A

measles

81
Q

measles and mumps, rubella tx

A

supportive, symptomatic

82
Q

viral infectious that starts with low grade fever and lymphadenopathy followed by maculopapular rash firs ton face spreading to trunk and extremities (3 day measles)

A

Rubella

83
Q

is testing needed in rubella?

A

no, unless congenital infectious suspected or complications present

84
Q

most frequent defect a/w congenital rubella infectious

A

hearing loss, then mental retardation, CV defects, ocular defects

85
Q

what specific population is tested for rubella immunity

A

pregnant women

86
Q

varicella zoster virus can cause 2 classically distint forms of disease

A

chickenpox (or varicella) or shingles (herpes zoster)

87
Q

period of infectivity for chickenpox

A

2 days prior to onset of rash, until skin lesions have fully crusted

88
Q

antivirals for varicella?

A

NO! unless complicated or unless over the age of 12

89
Q

cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease

A

enterovirus- most commonly Coxsackie A16 virus

90
Q

prodrome of fever, malaise, sore throat followed by skin rash on palms and soles, knees, elbows, and genital areas. alos has painful sores in mouth (herpangina)

A

hand, foot, and mouth disease

91
Q

most significant cause of pediatric viral gastroenteritis worldwide

A

rotavirus

92
Q

rotavirus vaccine

A

rotaTeq - 2, 4, 6 months. Rotarix- 2 and 4 months

Peds/Geriatrics (3 decks)

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