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infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

gram positive cocci - clusters

A

staph

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2
Q

gram positive cocci - pairs & chains

A

strep & enterococcus

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3
Q

gram positive rods

A

listeria & corynebacterium

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4
Q

gram positive anaerobes

A

peptostrep, propionibacterium, C. diff

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5
Q

atypical bacteria

A

chlamydia
legionella
mycoplasma
mycobacterium tuberculosis

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6
Q

gram negative anaerobes

A

bacteroides fragilis
prevotella

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7
Q

gram negative cocci

A

neisseria

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8
Q

gram negative coccobaccili

A

acinetobacter, bordatella, moraxella

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9
Q

gram negative rods

A

HENPEKS, pseudomonas

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10
Q

common resistant pathogens

A

Kill Each And Every Strong Pathogen
Klebsiella (ESBL, CRE)
E. coli
Acinetobacter
Enterococcus
Staph (MRSA)
Pseudomonas

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11
Q

which antibiotics are hydrophilic

A

beta lactams
aminoglycosides
vancomycin
daptomycin
polymyxin

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12
Q

which antibiotics are lipophilic

A

quinolones
macrolides
tetracyclines
rifampin
linezolid

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13
Q

penicillin coverage

A

natural - gram positive cocci (strep & enterococcus)
antistaph - staph & strep
amino - staph & strep & enterococcus + HNPE
extended penicillins - amino coverage + CAPES + pseudomonas

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14
Q

penicillin side effects & info

A

seizures, GI upset, diarrhea, rash, hemolytic anemia

antistaph - preferred MSSA coverage, no renal adjustments, nafcillin is a vesicant (hyaluronidase)

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15
Q

cephalosporin coverage

A

1st - staph/strep (MSSA) + PEK
2nd - staph/strep + HNPEK (cefotetan & cefoxitin add B fragilis coverage)
3rd - staph/strep (resistant) + HNPEK (ceftazidime covers pseudomonas and NO gram positive)
4th - gram positive + HNPEK + CAPES + pseudomonas
5th - + broad gram positive + MRSA

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16
Q

cephalosporin info

A

CI (ceftriaxone) - biliary sludging in neonates
W (cefotetan) - disulfiram like reaction
SE - seizures, hemolytic anemia, GI upset, diarrhea, rash

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17
Q

carbapenem coverage

A

MDR gram negative infections
gram positive + gram negative (ESBL) + anaerobes + pseudomonas

ertapenem does not cover pseudomonas, acinetobacter, enterococcus (PEA)

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18
Q

monobactam coverage

A

gram negative + pseudomonas

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19
Q

aminoglycoside coverage

A

gram negative + pseudomonas

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20
Q

aminoglycoside dosing for extended interval

A

4-7 mg/kg/dose (AdjBW unless underweight)

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21
Q

aminoglycoside info

A

BW - nephrotoxic, ototoxic, NM blockade

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22
Q

quinolone coverage & MOA

A

DNA gyrase and topo IV
broad spec + atypicals
cipro & levo have pseudomonas

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23
Q

quinolone info

A

BW - tendon, peripheral neuropathy, seizures
W - QT, hypo/hyperglycemia, psych, photosensitivity

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24
Q

macrolide coverage & MOA

A

50S
broad spec + atypicals

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25
macrolide info
W - QT, hepatotoxicity, CAD (clarithromycin)
26
tetracycline coverage & MOA
30S broad spec + atypicals doxycycline for CA-MRSA and VRE
27
tetracycline info
BW - teeth, photosensitivity, DILE (minocycline) IV:PO is 1:1
28
sulfonamide coverage & MOA
folic acid pathway broad spec + shigella, salmonella, strenotrophomonas + OI NO PSEUDO, ANAEROBE, ATYPICAL
29
sulfonamide info
5:1 SMP:TMP ratio BW - SJS, TTP, hemolytic anemia SE - increased K, photosensitivity, crystalluria
30
vancomycin MOA & info
D-ala-D-ala nephro & oto infusion reaction do NOT use for MRSA if MIC >2
31
lipoglycopeptides MOA & info
D-ala and bacterial wall synthesis cover BW - fetal risk (telavancin), do not use IV UFH for 120 hours W - can falsely increase PT/INR and aPTT dalbavancin & oritavancin are a single dose regimen
32
daptomycin coverage & info
VRE & MRSA BW - myopathy, rhabdo, can falsely increase PT/INR SE - increase CPK
33
linezolid info
no renal adjustments 1:1 myelosuppression, thrombocytopenia, neuropathy, hypoglycemia
34
synercid info
VRE faceium ONLY BW - arthralgias, hyperbilirubinemia
35
tigecycline coverage
3 Ps pseudomonas proteus providencia
36
which antibiotic causes gray syndrome
chloramphenicol
37
clindamycin coverage & info
gram positive + CA-MRSA + anaerobes no renal adjustment D-test done to indicate resistance
38
metronidazole coverage & info
anaerobes + protozoal 1:1 CI - pregnancy, disulfiram reaction
39
nitrofurantoin coverage & info
VRE hemolytic anemia
40
which antibiotics do not require renal adjustment
antistaph penicillins doxycycline ceftriaxone clindamycin macrolides metronidazole moxifloxacin linezolid
41
common pathogens for meningitis
Neisseria, strep pneumoniae, haemophilus listeria in neonates and >50 and immunocompromised
42
meningitis treatment
dexamethasone prior or WITH amp + cefotaxime/gent in neonates amp + cef + vanc in >50 or immunocompromised cef/cefotaxime + vanc
43
common acute otitis media pathogens
strep, H. influenzae, moraxella
44
acute otitis media treatment
observe 48-72 hours in non severe >6 months and symptoms in one ear amox or augmentin 90 mg/kg OR cefdinir, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone
45
pertussis treatment
macrolides
46
COPD exacerbation treatment
augmentin
47
CAP pathogens
SMH
48
CAP treatment
amox OR doxy OR macrolide - healthy beta lactam + macrolide OR doxy quinolone monotherapy
49
HAP/VAP treatment
pseudomona coverage + vanc 2 antipseudomonas + vanc if MDR
50
latent TB treatment
INH + rifapentine weekly x 12 weeks INH + rifampin x 3 months rifampin x 4 months INH x 6-9 months
51
active TB treatment
RIPE x 2 months then RI x 4 months
52
RIPE info
R - hemolytic anemia, hepatotoxicity, flu like symptoms, orange/red discoloration I - peripheral neuropathy, hemolytic anemia, DILE, hepatotoxicity P - gout, hepatotoxicity E - optic neuritis, hepatotoxicity, connfusion
53
IE treatment
viridans - penicillin or cef MSSA - nafcillin or cefazolin MRSA - vanc enterococci - penicillin or amp VRE - dapto or linezolid
54
intra abdominal infection treatment
SBP - cef SBP prophylaxis - bactrim, cipro secondary peritonitis - PEK coverage + metronidazole
55
impetigo treatment
mupirocin cephalexin
56
folliculitis treatment
cephalexin bactrim or doxy
57
cellulitis treatment - mild
cephalexin
58
CA-MRSA abscess
bactrim, doxy
59
severe SSTI treatment
vanc, dapto, linezolid
60
necrotizing fasciitis treatment
vanc + beta lactam
61
DFI treatment
unasyn, zosyn, carbapenem, moxifloxacin vanc + something else
62
cystitis treatment
macrobid x 5 bactrim x 3 fosfomycin x 1 amoxicillin or cephalexin in pregnancy
63
pyelonephritis treatment
quinolone or ceftriaxone if resistance
64
complicated UTI treatment
carbapenem
65
syphilis treatment
bicillin LA (pen G) 2.4 x 1 doxy x 14 2.4 x 3 weeks if late latent or tertiary or doxy
66
neurosyphilis treatment
pen G IV
67
gonorrhea treatment
ceftriaxone (add doxy if chlamydia is not excluded)
68
chlamydia treatment
doxy azithro if pregnant
69
bacterial vaginosis treatment
metro
70
trichomoniasis treatment
metro
71
genital warts treatment
imiquimod cream
72
azole class issues
hepatotoxicity, QT, drug interactions
73
HIV replication stages
1. binding - maraviroc 2. fusion - enfuvirtide 3. reverse transcriptase - NRTI/NNRTI 4. integration - INSTI 5. replication 6. assembly 7. budding - PI
74
biktarvy generic
bictegravir/TAF/emtracitabine
75
triumeq generic
dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine
76
dovato generic
dolutegravir/lamivudine
77
tivicay generic
dolutegravir
78
truvada generic
TDF/emtricitabine
79
descovy generic
TAF/emtricitabine
80
NRTI info
lactic acidosis, nausea, diarrhea, LFT, headache HBV emtricitabine - hand pigmentation didanosine/stavudine - pancreatitis
81
INSTI info
B - SCr R - CPK E - proteinuria D - HSR, neural tube defects, CPK headache, insomnia, diarrhea, weight gain separate from polyvalent ions
82
raltegrevir brand
isentress
83
NNRTI info
efavirez - take without food QHS rilpivirine - take with food & do not use with PPI hepatotoxicity and rash
84
PI info
take with food metabolic abnormalities drug interactions
85
atazanavir brand
reyataz
86
darunavir brand
prezista
87
stribild generic
elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TDA take with food
88
genvoya generic
elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TAF take with food
89
atripla generic
efavirenz/3tc/TDF
90
complera generic
rilpivirine/3TC/TDF
91
odefsey generic
rilpivirine/3TC/TAF
92
epzicom
abacavir/lamivudine

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