Infectious diseases Flashcards
Mild/moderate cellulitis management?
oral flucloxacillin
if allergic to penicillin then oral clarithromycin, erythromycin (in pregnancy) or doxycycline
moderate/severe cellulitis management?
admit
oral/IV co-amoxiclav
OR
oral/IV clindamycin
OR
IV cefuroxime
OR
IV ceftriaxone
management of active TB?
Isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 2 months
then
Isoniazid and rifampicin for a further 4 months.
management of ‘Tinea’?
topical anti-fungal such as clotrimazole and ketoconazole
OR
Systemic agents such as terbinafine or itraconazole for tinea capitis or onychomycosis
gastroenteritis viral causes?
- rotavirus
- noravirus
why should antibiotics be avoided in E.coli 0157?
increases risk of haemolytic uraemic syndrome
risk factors for campylobacter?
- uncooked poultry
- untreated water
- unpasteurised milk
severe campylobacter - consider which antibiotic?
azithromycin
OR
ciprofloxacin.
Which organisms cause bloody diarrhoea?
E.coli 0157
campylobacter
shigella
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome triad?
- AKI
- microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
- thrombocytopenia
diarrhoea + dehydration + hypoglycaemia - what is it?
cholera
cholera treatment?
oral rehydration therapy
antibiotics = doxycycline, ciprofloxacin
Type of meningitis:
appearance: cloudy
glucose: low
protein: High
WBC: 10-5000 polymorphs
Bacterial
Type of meningitis:
appearance: clear/cloudy
glucose: 60-80% of plasma glucose
protein: normal/raised
WBC: 15-1000 lymphocytes
Viral
Type of meningitis:
appearance: slightly cloudy / fibrin web
glucose: low
protein: High
WBC: 30-300 lymphocytes
tuberculosis
Type of meningitis:
appearance: cloudy
glucose: low
protein: High
WBC: 20-200 lymphocytes
fungal
benzylpenicillin uses?
neisseria meningitidis
gram +ve aerobes
Spirochetes (esp. Treponema pallidum)
amoxicillin coverage?
gram +ve aerobes
gram -ve rods (not enterobacter)
C.diff investigations?
stool C.diff toxin
C.diff treatment?
oral vancomycin
prolonged, non-bloody diarrhoea + travel = ?
giardiasis
food poisoning symptoms + short incubation period + vomiting (no diarrhoea) = ?
staph aureus
food poisoning from reheated rice?
Bacillus cereus
What is Necrotising fasciitis caused by?
type 1 - mixed anaerobes and aerobes (often occurs post-surgery in diabetics).- most common type
type 2 is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
Most common site of Necrotising fasciitis?
perineum (Fournier’s gangrene)
Management of Necrotising fasciitis?
urgent surgical referral debridement
intravenous antibiotics
