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MICROPARA MIDTERM > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Microbes living in natural habitat, such as soil and water.

A

Free-living

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2
Q

An organism which lives on a living host and gets nutrition from it, without any benefit to the host.

A

Parasitic

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3
Q

Bacteria living on dead and decaying organic matter.

A

Saprophytes

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4
Q

Live in complete harmony with the host without causing any harm to it.

A

Commensals

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5
Q

Capable of producing disease in host.

A

Pathogen

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6
Q

Capable of producing disease when the body’s immune system in compromised.

A

Opportunistic pathogen

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7
Q

Refers to the ability of a microbe to produce disease.

A

Pathogenicity

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8
Q

Refers to the degree of pathogenicity of a microbe.

A

Virulence

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9
Q

The ability of a microbial species to cause disease.

A

Pathogenicity

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10
Q

The ability of a strain of a species to produce disease.

A

Virulence

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11
Q

The entry and multiplication of an infectious agent in the body.

A

Infection

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12
Q

A clinically manifest disease of humans resulting from an infection.

A

Infectious disease

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13
Q

7 Classification of Infection

A

+ Primary infection
+ Re-infection
+ Secondary infection
+ Focal infection
+ Cross infection
+ Nosocomial infection
+ Subclinical infection

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14
Q

inactive or dormant, but can be reactivated

A

Latent infection

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15
Q

active infection, but no symptoms

A

Asymptomatic

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16
Q
  1. Acute
  2. Chronic
A

Symptomatic

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17
Q

a specific area of the body

A

Local

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18
Q

Generalized illness that infects most of the body.

Distributed mostly to tissues.

A

Systemic

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19
Q

has been described in Ancient Egyptian and Chinese writings and may have been responsible for more deaths than all other infectious diseases combined.

A

Smallpox

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20
Q

In the 14th century, this plague killed about 20 million people in Europe alone.

Is the most common form of plague and is caused by the bite of an infected flea. Plague bacillus, Y. pestis.

A

bubonic plague

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21
Q

In the 20th century, this may have killed up to 50 million people worldwide.

A

1918 influenza

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22
Q

To date, close to 20 million people have died of…

A

HIV/AIDS.

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23
Q

An organism that is capable of producing infection or infectious disease.

A

Infectious Agent

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24
Q

The place for a pathogen to live and grow.

A

Reservoir

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25
Q

Refers to the means by which a pathogen exits from a reservoir.

A

Portal of Exit

26
Q

Refers to how a pathogen can be transferred from one person, object, or animal, to another.

A

Modes of Transmission

27
Q

Refers to the means by which an infection is able to enter a susceptible host.

A

Portal of Entry

28
Q

Refers to the person at risk of infection.

Those that have little (if any) resistance to the pathogen and thus, lack the ability to fight them off.

A

Susceptible Host

29
Q

Refers to how an infectious agent can be transferred from one person, object, or animal, to another.

A

Modes of Transmission

30
Q

Person-to-person spread of microorganisms through actual physical contact

A

Direct Contact

31
Q

Occurs when a susceptible person comes in contact with a contaminated object.

A

Indirect Contact

32
Q

Results from contact with contaminated respiratory secretions.

A

Droplets

33
Q

> Occurs when microbial or dust particles containing pathogens remain suspended in the air for a prolonged time.

> May cause infection when inhaled by a susceptible host.

A

Airborne

34
Q

Ingestion of contaminated food or water.

A

Fecal-Oral

35
Q

+ Rabies virus through a dog bite.

+ Clostridium tetani infection leading to tetanus through open wounds.

A

Direct inoculation

36
Q

+ Via infusion or injection.

A

Parenteral inoculation

37
Q

Transmission of pathogen from mother to fetus via contact with the mother’s fluids, such as during breastfeeding and in utero if there are breaks in the placental barrier, or in the birth canal during delivery.

A

Vertical

38
Q

Unprotected sex with an infected partner, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex.

A

Sexual

39
Q

Transmitted by the bite of an infected arthropod, such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, lice, sandflies, etc.

A

Vector

40
Q

Any non-living things that can be contaminated by an infectious agent, which then transmits it to a new host.

A

Vehicle

41
Q

+ The period between exposure to an infection and appearance of the first symptoms.

+ Pathogen is actively replicating without producing symptoms.

+ This stage may be as short as a few hours up to many years.

A

Incubation Period

42
Q

This is a short stage of disease development where a person begins to feel that they are getting sick.

A

Prodromal Period

43
Q

+ The maximum impact of the infectious process; there is rapid proliferation and spread of the pathogen.

+ The symptoms are more pronounced, specific, and severe.

A

Period of Illness

44
Q

+ Infection is contained and being progressively eliminated; the damaged tissue is repaired.

+ Symptoms are decreasing.

A

Period of Decline

45
Q

+ Total elimination of the pathogen; no residual signs and symptoms.

+ The patient generally returns to normal functions, although some diseases may inflict permanent damage that the body cannot fully repair.

A

Convalescent Period

46
Q

Majority of free-living organisms are…

A

Saprophytes

47
Q

Initial infection with a microbe in a host.

A

Primary infection

48
Q

Subsequent infection with the same microbe in the same host.

A

Re-infection

49
Q

When the immune system is compromised by a pre-existing disease, a new infection via a new microbe.

A

Secondary infection

50
Q

Due to a localized infection; generalized effects are produced.

A

Focal infection

51
Q

When a patient that is already suffering from a disease acquires a new infection from another host.

A

Cross infection

52
Q

Infection acquired in hospitals.

A

Nosocomial infection

53
Q

When clinical symptoms of an infection are not apparent.

A

Subclinical infection

54
Q

Are feelings or sensations a person has.

Is something felt or experienced, such as pain or dizziness.

A

Symptoms

55
Q

Observable characteristics.

A

Signs

56
Q

Symptoms last for a short period of time.

A

Acute

57
Q

Symptoms that persists for a long period of time.

A

Chronic

58
Q

Chain of Infection

A

+ Infectious Agent

+ Reservoir

+ Place of Exit

+ Method of Transmission

+ Port of Entry

+ Susceptible Host

59
Q

Those who carry germ, but show no signs or symptoms; can spread disease, but often do so unknowingly.

A

Carriers

60
Q

Can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease.

Which periods of disease are more likely to associated with transmissibility of an infection depends upon the disease, the pathogen, and the mechanisms by which the disease develops and progresses.

A

Infectious diseases

MICROPARA MIDTERM (3 decks)

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