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Finals > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Malaria

Tx of uncomplicated falciparum

A

Oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT):

  • RIAMET (artemether + lumefantine)
  • Malarone
  • Quinine
  • Doxycycline
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2
Q

Malaria

Tx of complicated falciparum

A

IV Artesunate OR IV Quinine

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3
Q

Malaria

Tx of non-falciparum

A
  • Oral chloroquinine
  • If resistant area –> artemether and lumefantine (riamet)
  • If p.ovale or p.vivax then PRIMAQUININE for the hypnozoites (after acute Tx)
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4
Q

Malaria

Types

A
  • Plasmodium falciparum (75%) - most severe
  • P. vivax (most common out of rest, c. america and india)
  • P.ovale (africa)
  • P.malariae
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5
Q

Malaria

Diagnosis

A

3 blood films over 3 consecutive days (to catch ruptured RBC releasing merozoites)

Will see parasites, the concentration of them and the type

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6
Q

When might you avoid IV dexamethasone?

A
  • Septic shock
  • Meningococcal septicaemia
  • Immunocompromised
  • Meningitis following surgery
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7
Q

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Symptoms

A

TRIAD

  • AKI
  • Macroangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
  • Thrombocytopenia
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8
Q

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Causes

A

Most common = E.coli

Other:

  • Pneumococcal infection
  • HIV
  • SLE, drugs, cancer
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9
Q

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Ix

A
  • FBC: anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, fragmented blood film
  • U&Es: AKI
  • Stool culture: shiga toxins (PCR)
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10
Q

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Management

A
  • supportive (fluids, blood transfusions, dialysis if required)
  • no place for Abx
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11
Q

Most common cause of tonsillitis?

A

Group A strep

Streptococcus pyogenes!!

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12
Q

Most common cause of otitis media, sinusitis and tonsillitis (if not GAS)

A
  • Strep pneum
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13
Q

Causes of UTIs

A
  • Most common = E.Coli
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Enterococcus
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Staphylococcus saprophyticus
  • Candida albicans (fungal)
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14
Q

Why does presence of nitrites in urine mean bacterial infection is likely?

A
  • Gram negative bacteria breakdown nitrates into nitrites
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15
Q

Duration of UTI Abx

A
  • 3 days for simple LUTS
  • 5-10 days for immunosuppressed, abnormal anatomy or impaired kidney function
  • 7 days for men, pregnant women or catheter-related UTIs - It is worth noting that NICE recommend changing the catheter when someone is diagnosed with a catheter related urinary tract infection
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16
Q

UTI in pregnancy

Risks

A
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Premature rupture of membranes
  • Pre-term labour
17
Q

Trimethoprim in pregnancy

A
  • Avoid in first trimester as affects folic acid
18
Q

Nitrofurantoin in pregnancy

A
  • Avoid in last trimester as linked with haemolytic anaemia of the newborn
19
Q

Most common causes of cellulitis

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Group A Streptococcus (mainly streptococcus pyogenes)
  • Group C Streptococcus (mainly Streptococcus dysgalactiae)
20
Q

Common causes of intra-abdominal infections

A
  • Anaerobes (e.g. bacteroides and clostridium)
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Enterococcus
  • Streptococcus
21
Q

Spontaenous bacterial peritonitis

Tx

A

This is a serious infection that typically occurs in patients with liver failure.

  • Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Tazocin) is often first line
  • Cephalosporins such as cefotaxime are also often used
  • Levofloxacin plus metronidazole is an common alternative in penicillin allergy
22
Q

Notifiable diseases

A 
Acute encephalitis
Acute infectious hepatitis
Acute meningitis
Acute poliomyelitis
Anthrax
Botulism
Brucellosis
Cholera
COVID-19
Diphtheria
Enteric fever (typhoid or paratyphoid fever)
Food poisoning
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS)
Infectious bloody diarrhoea
Invasive group A streptococcal disease
Legionnaires Disease
Leprosy
Malaria
Measles
Meningococcal septicaemia
Mumps
Plague
Rabies
Rubella
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Scarlet fever
Smallpox
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
Typhus
Viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF)
Whooping cough
Yellow fever

Finals (21 decks)

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