Infectious Diseases 1 Flashcards
A 27 year old IVDU complains of increasing shortness of breath that has been getting worse over the last three weeks accompanied by a dry cough. Her saturations are 94% and drop to 87% when walking. Her CD4 count is 150. CXR showed non-specific reticular interstitial shadowing.
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Haemophilus Influenzae Streptococcus Pneumoniae Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Cytomegalovirus
Pneumocystis Jiroveci
Yeast-like fungus
Causes pneumonia in the immunosuppressed
Presents with dry cough, exertional dyspnea, reduced oxygen saturations, fever, bilateral crepitations
CXR – normal or bilateral perihilar interstitial showing
CT Chest – ground glass opacification
Diagnosis – visualize organism in induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage or in lung biopsy specimen
Drugs – high-dose co-trimoxazole
A 36 year old man who has sex with men comes to the GP with ulceration, bleeding and discomfort around his anus. He is trying alternative therapies to treat his HIV.
Cytomegalovirus Human Papillomavirus Human Herpes Virus 8 Herpes Simplex Virus Epstein-Barr Virus
Human Papilloma Virus
Spread through sexual contact
Causes genital warts in most
Most people able to clear the virus but immunosuppression can lead to increasing inflammation and development of cancer
A 31 year old lady on the HIV ward has white gunk all over her tongue that extends into her throat which can be peeled off. She says it’s very painful to swallow.
Candida albicans Epstein-Barr virus Herpes Simplex Virus Streptococcal throat infection Human herpes Virus 8
Candida Albicans
Fungi, can cause several problems in immunocompromised
Oral candidiasis, dysphagia
. A 43 year old HIV positive patient presents with weakness of his right leg, headaches, fever and confusion that have been getting worse for the last week. CT head shows multiple ring-enhancing lesions.
Plasmodium falciparum Neisseria meningitidis Toxoplasma gondii Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Pox virus
Toxoplasma gondii
Most common caused intracranial mass in HIV
Headache, fever, AMS, seizure, focal neuro deficits
CT - multi cortical lesions, ring enhancing lesions with contrast
A 47-year-old homeless man presents who is HIV-positive presents with purple popular lesions on his back and on his gums.
HHV-2 HHV-4 HHV-5 HHV-7 HHV-8
HHV-8 = Human Herpes Virus 8
Causes kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV
A 26 year old lawyer presents with a history of sharp tingling his lips followed by a painful ulcer at the side of his mouth. On examination he has cervical lymphadenopathy and a blister on his finger. What is the pathogen?
Varicella Zoster Virus Epstein Barr Virus Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Simplex Virus 1
A 26 year old lawyer presents with a history of sharp tingling his lips followed by a painful ulcer at the side of his mouth. On examination he has cervical lymphadenopathy and a blister on his finger. What is the treatment?
Rest at home, no treatment Amoxicillin Acyclovir Ceftriaxone Vancomycin
Acyclovir
A 19 year old university student present with a sore throat, headache, myalgia and coryzal symptoms. On examination he has cervical lymphadenopathy, enlarged exudative tonsils and splenomegaly. What is the most likely pathogen?
Varicella Zoster Virus Epstein Barr Virus Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Cytomegalovirus
EBV = Causes Mono (Glandular Fever)
A 19 year old university student present with a sore throat, headache, myalgia and coryzal symptoms. On examination he has cervical lymphadenopathy, enlarged exudative tonsils and splenomegaly. What is the treatment?
Rest at home, no treatment Amoxicillin Acyclovir Ceftriaxone Vancomycin
Rest at home, no treatment
HHV 1 =
Herpes Simplex 1 = Cold sores
HHV 2 =
Herpes Simplex 2 = Genital Herpes
HHV 3 =
Varicella Zoster = Chicken pox/shingles
HHV 4 =
EBV = Mono + Hepatitis
HHV 5 =
CMV = Mono + Hepatitis
HHV 8 =
Causes Kaposi’s Sarcoma
