Infectious Disease Review

Question 1

CAP in adults is _____ bacteria

Answer 1

Streptococcus pneumoniae - MC
Haemophilus influenzae

Question 2

CAP in young adults is commonly what 3 bacteria?

Answer 2

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumophila

Question 3

CAP in children is commonly what bacteria?

Answer 3

Streptococcus pneumoniae - MC

Question 4

CODP related CAP is commonly what bacteria?

Answer 4

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Mixed pathogens

Question 5

Alcohol dependance CAP is commonly what bacteria?

Answer 5

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Klebsiella

Question 6

CAP related to travel outbreaks/confined spaces (conference centers, cruise ships) is commonly what bacteria?

Answer 6

Legionella pneumophila¹

Question 7

What defines CAP as “uncomplicated?”

Answer 7

No comorbidities (previously healthy)

No antibiotic use within last 3 months

Low rate of macrolide resistance to S. pneumoniae

Question 8

What is the empiric therapy for uncomplicated CAP?

Answer 8

amoxicillin 1 g TID for at least 5 days
azithromycin or clarithromycin
doxycycline - if macrolide allergy or resistance

Question 9

Complicated CAP what is the empiric treatment?

Answer 9

Levo or moxifloxacin

Question 10

Complicated CAP alternative treatment?

Answer 10

Augmentin or cephalosporin

PLUS

macrolide or doxycycline

Question 11

Community Acquired Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis is commonly caused by what organisms?

Answer 11

E. coli - MC
Proteus
Staphylococcus
Enterococcus

Question 12

What is the first line treatment for Community Acquired Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis?

Answer 12

nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Macrodantin) 100 mg ER BID x 5 days

TMP-SMX (Bactrim) DS po BID x 3 days

Question 13

Community Acquired Acute Pyelonephritis/Complicated UTI is commonly due to ____ bacteria

Answer 13

E. coli

Question 14

What is the first line treatment for Community Acquired Acute Pyelonephritis/Complicated UTI
?

Answer 14

Cipro

Question 15

What drug would you select for a pregnant patient with acute pyelonephritis?

Answer 15

Cephalosporins

Question 16

Non-purulent skin infections are due to what bacteria?

Answer 16

Staphylococcus aureus
MRSA
Streptococcus pyogenes (GABHS

Question 17

Purulent skin infections are commonly caused by what bacteria?

Answer 17

Staphylococcus aureus
MRSA

Question 18

Name some bacteria that commonly cause GI infections?

Answer 18

E. coli
Salmonella
Shigella
Campylobacter
Clostridium difficile

Question 19

What is the empiric treatment for gastroenteritis?

Answer 19

Cipro

Bactrim is second

Question 20

C. diff initial empiric treatment is ____

Answer 20

Vanc

Question 21

meningitis acquired in the community is due to ??? (name the bacteria)

Answer 21

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Listeria monocytogenes
increased risk <3 months and > 55 years old

Question 22

What is the empiric treatment for menigitis?

Answer 22

ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 2 gm IV q 12 hrs
PLUS
vancomycin 15-20 mg/kg IV q8-12 hours

*plus ampicillin 2 g IV q4h if high Listeria risk

Question 23

_____ is given to prevent Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in HIV patients

Answer 23

TMP/SMX (Bactrim)

Question 24

_____ is given preoperatively to prevent surgical site infection

Answer 24

Cefazolin (Ancef)

Question 25

______ is given to prevent Infective Endocarditis before invasive dental procedures

Answer 25

Amoxicillin