Infectious Diarrhea Flashcards
Define diarrhea
increased stool frequency, more than 3 BMs a day or liquidity of feces
Acute diarrhea is ___
Persistent is ___
Chronic is ____
Acute: less than or equal to 14 days
Persistant: greater than 14 days
Chronic: more than 30 days
Name some common bacteria associated with infectious diarrhea
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus cereus
Escherichia coli
Clostridium difficile
Campylobacter jejuni
******
Salmonella
Shigella
Vibrio
Listeria
Name some viruses that can cause infectious diarrhea
Norovirus
Rotavirus
Hepatitis A
Adenovirus
Cytomegalovirus
Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica
Cryptosporidium
Cyclospora
Isospora
What am I?
Protozoans that can cause infectious diarrhea
Inflammatory diarrhea will be positive for _____
fecal leukocytes
non-inflammatory will be ???
negative for fecal leukocytes
What are some causes of inflammatory diarrhea?
Campylobacter jejuni
Salmonella
Shigella
Enterohemorrhagic E.coli
C. difficile
Cytomegalovirus
Entamoeba histolytica
What are some causes of non-inflammatory diarrhea?
Bacillus cereus
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterotoxigenic E.coli
Vibrio cholerae
Noroviruses
Rotavirus
Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium
Cyclospora
Fever and abdominal tenderness are more common in _____ diarrhea
inflammatory diarrhea
volume depletion is more common in ______ diarrhea
non-inflammatory
Staphlococcos aureus is most commonly found in ____
undercooked beef products
Bacillus cereus is most commonly found in ____
rice that has been left out
_____ is most commonly found in fast food restaurants due to undercooked hamburgers
E. coli
_____ is most commonly found in poultry and eggs
Salmonella
______ commonly found in shellfish from the Gulf of Mexico
Vibrio cholerae
_____ is commonly associated with the ingestion of raw seafood
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
_____ is commonly associated with frequent/recent abx thereapy
C. diff
____ is commonly associated with milk and cheeses
Listeria
Staph Aureus and Bacillus cereus commonly produce symptoms _____ hours after ingestion
4-6 hours
E. coli and Vibrio sp. commonly produce symptoms _____ hours after ingestion
24 hours
Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, Salmonella commonly produce symptoms _____ after ingestion
1-3 days
Viruses commonly produce symptoms _____ after ingestion. How long for protozoans?
Viruses: 24-48 hours
Protozoans: 1-2 weeks
What tests would you order on a pt if you were concerned about infectious diarrhea
Fecal leukocytes
Stool culture
Ovum and parasites
C. diff
Viruses
What are 3 common anti-diarrheals
Loperamide (Imodium)
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
Bismuth (Pepto)
When would you not want to give a pt Pepto?
Not in inflammatory diarrhea
not in children
pregnant women
What is the empiric treatment for infectious diarrhea?
Cipro/Levo
