Infectious Disease/Epidemiology (10 Questions) Flashcards
Be able to differentiate between Infectivity, Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Toxigenicity
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Infectivity =
= pathogen’s ability to ENTER a host and REPLICATE
Pathogenicity =
= pathogen’s ability to PRODUCE DISEASE
Virulence =
= pathogen’s capacity to cause SEVERE DISEASE, its POTENCY
Toxigenicity =
= pathogen’s production of TOXINS
Be able to differentiate between Endemic, Epidemic, and Pandemic
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Endemic =
= diseases with relatively HIGH, but CONSTANT rates of infection within a PARTICULAR POPULATION
ex) cases of measles in NYC per year
Epidemic =
= number of NEW infections in a particular population that GREATLY EXCEEDS the number usually observed
ex) normal to have 20 cases of measles in NYC/year, but this year there are 50 cases
Pandemic =
= an epidemic that SPREADS OVER A LARGE AREA, such as continent or worldwide
Know causes of antimicrobial resistance
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Antimicrobial resistance =
= resistance of a microorganism to an antimicrobial drug that was originally effective for tx of infections caused by it
Antimicrobial resistance causes
1) Widespread global _____ allows pathogens to travel easily btwn countries/continents
2) Treating ______ infections with abx
3) Using _____ spectrum when narrow was sufficient
4) _____ use of certain microbial agents
5) ______ _____ therapy
6) Not ____ a prescription (allows remaining organisms to multiply and cause another infection)
7) Treatment of ____ clinical _____ in ____ of disease (colonization) -> therefore?
1) travel
2) viral
3) broad
4) excessive
5) prolonged prophylactic
6) completing prescription
7) positive culture, absence -> appropriate management is to obtain cultures and treat ONLY when sx of infection manifest
Colonization =
= presence of microorganism WITHOUT SYMPTOMS of disease
