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APhA 10th > Infectious Disease (Ch33) > Flashcards

Infectious Disease (Ch33) Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 body fluid sites that are normally sterile. (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. Blood
  2. Urine
  3. Spinal fluid
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2
Q

What is MIC? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. Minimum inhibitory concentration

2. The lowest concentration that prevents microbial growth

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3
Q

In bacterial meningitis, what patient factor may contribute to appropriate antibiotic selection? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

Age. It is associated with specific organisms

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4
Q

What is a unique sign in meningitis in newborns? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

Bulging anterior fontanel

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5
Q

What CSF abnormalities can be found in bacterial meningitis? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. Increased white blood cells

2. Decreased glucose

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6
Q

What can predispose patients to endocarditis? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. Injection drug use

2. Damaged heart valve

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7
Q

Which species are the most common in endocarditis? (3) (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. Streptococcus
  2. Staphylococcus
  3. Enterococcus
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8
Q

What is the DOC in syphilis? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

Penicillin

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9
Q

What are the HACEK organisms common in endocarditis? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. Haemophilus
  2. Actinobacillus
  3. Cardiobacterium
  4. Eikenella
  5. Kingella
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10
Q

What does it mean when coagulase (+ or -) staphylococci is mentioned? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

It is an assessment of whether it can produce coagulase, which is an enzyme that causes blood clot formation

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11
Q

Is staphylococci aureus coagulase (+ or -)? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

It can be both, the majority are coagulase (+)

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12
Q

What is the definition for neutropenia? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below 500 cells/mL

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13
Q

What is the equation for calculating absolute neutrophil count (ANC)? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

ANC = (% bands + % segs) x WBC

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14
Q

What temperature is considered diagnostic for fever? Celsius and Fahrenheit? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. > 38 C

2. >100.4 F

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15
Q

What is the difference in x-ray results in bronchitis and pneumonia? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

Bronchitis is negative and pneumonia is positive

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16
Q

What are the respiratory fluoroquinolones? (4) (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. Levofloxacin
  2. Moxifloxacin
  3. Gemifloxacin
  4. Gatifloxacin?
17
Q

How is latent tuberculosis defined? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. Lack of symptoms

2. A positive PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test or a positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)

18
Q

Is there a vaccination against tuberculosis? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin

2. A live vaccine

19
Q

What is the preferred treatment for latent tuberculosis? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. Isoniazid for 6 months or

2. Rifampin for 4 months

20
Q

What is an alternative treatment for latent tuberculosis?

A

Isoniazid + Rifapentine for 3 months

21
Q

What is the preferred treatment in active tuberculosis? Total length of treatment? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. Isoniazid + Rifampin + Ethambutol (2 months)
  2. Followed by Isoniazid + Rifampin (7 months)
  3. 9 months total treatment
22
Q

Can tuberculosis be cured? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

Yes, mycobacterium tuberculosis is very slow growing and requires prolonged treatment

23
Q

What are the recommended treatments and doses for chlamydia? (2) (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. Azithromycin 1 g one time

2. Doxycycline 100 mg BID x 7

24
Q

What is the bacteria that causes gonorrhea? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea (gram - cocci)

25
Q

What class is the preferred treatment class for gonorrhea? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

Cephalosporins

26
Q

Should pts with gonorrhea be treated for any possible comorbid infections? (3) (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A
  1. Yes, high rate of comorbid chlamydia infections
  2. “GO ON and treat for chlamydia”
  3. Not vice-versa
27
Q

What is the treatment and dose for uncomplicated gonorrhea infections? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

Ceftriaxone 250mg IM one time

28
Q

What condition can the Treponema pallidum (spirochete) organism cause? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

Syphilis

29
Q

What condition can Rickettsia Rickettsii cause? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

30
Q

How many types of hepatitis are there? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

A-E (5)

31
Q

How many genotypes of hepatitis B are there? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

A-H (8)

32
Q

How is treatment determined in hepatitis C? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

Genotyping

33
Q

Which type of herpes simplex virus can cause oral herpes infections? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

HSV-1

34
Q

Which type of herpes simplex virus can cause genital herpes infections? (APhA 2013 Ch 33)

A

HSV-1

HSV-2

APhA 10th (3 decks)

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