Infectious Disease Bilder Flashcards
What is APOL1?
It’s a human serum protein that is partially protective against trypanosome infection. It triggers trypanosome lysis by formation of pores in membranes of trypanosome
It’s also a component of some HdL particles in mammalian lipoproteins.
What is the protein that antibodies recognize from trypanosomes?
VSG= variable surface glycoprotein.
To avoid recognition, the protein changes over time through gene rearrangement.
How is LDL involved in receptor mediated Endocytosis?
LDL binds LDL receptor Internalize LDL Early endosomes Late endosomes At ph 5, LDL goes to lysosome
How does apol1 prevent sleeping sickness?
Apol1 bound to HdL particle binds to receptor on trypanosome and Endocytosis leads to pore formation in their lysosomes and then this leads to parasite death. Then no sleeping sickness!
How has trypanosomes evolved to evade apol1?
Trypanosome rhodesiense has evolved a protein called SRA to block apol1 activity. We adapted back (through red queen hypothesis) and developed apol1 variants that block SRA inactivation of apol1 and therefore allow apol1 activity and lyse rhodesiense. However, these variants are associated with late onset of kidney disease in African Americans.
How does HIV invade host cells?
HIV binds cell surface receptors like cd4 and ccr5 on macrophages and helper T cells. HIV membrane fusion is similar to v+t snare fusion in vesicle transport.
How does HIV exit from cells?
HIV budding requires an escort: ESCRT-III which is a coat component that makes vesicles with cytoplasmic lumens.
What’s an example of actin or MT based motility?
Listeria is actin based motility (through actA)
Herpes virus-infected neuron is transported to cell body through MTs. This movement is directed by kinesin and dynein motor proteins.
