INFECTIOUS DISEASE : BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Flashcards
What does the term ‘Strains’ mean?
Species of bacteria
If a bacteria is Gram Positive, what color will it turn when stained?
Purple
If a bacteria is Gram Negative, what color will it turn when stained?
Pink
What are the shapes of bacteria?
- Cocci?
- Bacilli?
- Spirillum?
- Spheres
- Rods
- Spirals
A coating resistant to environmental conditions, that provides a bacteria with a long survival time, is known as what bacterial structure?
Spores
Describe Exotoxins.
- Secreted by Gram+
- Diffuses throughout body
Describe Endotoxins.
- Present in Gram- cell wall
- Activated when bacteria dies
Describe the bacterial defense of Biofilm.
A secreted substance that helps it to attach to other cells
Describe the bacterial defense of a Capsule.
A protective capsule from being ingested from macrophages
Describe the bacterial defense of the Cell Wall.
Only Gram-, protecting it from antibiotics
What are ‘Furuncles’?
Boils
Describe Group A Strep.
- Found in throat and on skin
- Person to person contact
What is ‘Impetigo’?
A skin infection
Describe Group B Strep.
- Transmitted to newborns from mothers
- Causes blood infections and meningitis in newborns
What is Rheumatic Fever?
Inflammatory response after a strep infection
What is Bacterial Meningitis?
Infection to the membranes of brain and spinal cord (meninges)
Define ‘Brudzinski’s Sign’.
Hip flexion pain
Define ‘Kernig’s Sign’.
Neck flexion pain
What is ‘Ghon Foci’?
- The wax capsule bacteria stays dormant in granulomas in the lungs
- Active when ruptured
What is ‘Salmonella Infection’, known as?
Gastronenteritis
What is ‘Shigella/Shillosis Infection’ caused from?
- Poor hygiene
- Spread via fecal oral route
Describe Lyme’s Disease.
Tick-borne infection causing a target shaped rash
What is the “target-shaped rash” known as?
Erythema Migrans/Bulls-eye Rash
