IMMUNITY Flashcards
What are examples of a ‘Microbe’?
Bacteria and viruses
Define an ‘Antimicrobial Substance’.
Kills/damage microbes
What is an ‘Antigen’?
Molecule elicit a response from hosts
Define an ‘Epitope’ .
A component of an antigen (antigen determinant)
Define an ‘Innate Immunity’
- Born with
- Reacts with microbes
- Relies on phagocytes/antimicrobials
- Stimulates Adaptive
What does the ‘First Line of Defense’ of Innate involve?
Skin/Mucous Membrane
What does the ‘Second Line of Defense’ of Innate involve?
- Antimicrobial Substances
- Natural Killer Cells
- Phagocytes
Define ‘Adaptive Immunity’.
- Specific response
- Attacks microbe and antigens
- Generates ‘memory’
What is the function of Lymphocytes (B and T-Cells)?
Act as regulators and effectors
What are Accessory Cells?
Phagocytes that kill/break an invader
What are Dendritic Cells?
Present antigens/epitopes to killers
Explain Humoral Immunity.
Immune cells circulate in the blood/lymph
B-Cells are key players in Humoral Immunity, what is their function?
- Recognizing microbes/antigens
- Produce antibodies
What is a Plasma Cell?
Mature B-Cell, produces/secretes antibodies for a specific antigen (immunoglobulins)
What are Memory Cells?
B-Cell that responds quickly to the same antigen if occurred twice
Describe IgG.
- 70-80% of antibodies
- Crosses placenta
Describe IgA.
- Found in breast milk
- “Bodily fluids”
Describe IgM.
- Stays in blood/lymph
- Form first after immunization
- Forms ABO blood antibodies
Describe IgE.
- “Allergy Indicators”
- Binds to Mast Cells/Attracts Eosinophils
- Responds to parasite
Describe IgD.
Needed for B-Cell maturation
Define Cellular Immunity.
Immune system communication via cell-to-cell contact or secreting messenger compounds
T-Cells are responsible for Cellular Immunity, what are their other functions?
- Regulate/secrete antibodies
- Kill infections/tumor cells
- Activates IgE
What are “CD4 Cells”?
- T-HELPER Cells (Up regulation)
- *key regulators
- Activates B and T Cells
What are “Tregs”?
- REGULATORY T Cells (Down regulation)
- Suppress/modify immune resp.
- Control response/ensure healthy cells are not killed
What are “CD-8 Cells”?
- T-CYTOTOXIC
- Destroy identified/presenting antigens
- Kill virus-infected cells
What are Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)?
Group of genes that determine tissue and blood compatibility
What are Major Histocompatibility Complex called in humans?
Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)
What are the 2 classes of HLA?
Class 1: Cell Surface
Class 2: Immune Sys. Cells
Describe Auto-Immunity.
Immune response against body’s own healthy tissues
What is Hypersensitivity Disorder?
Abnormal activation of immune system to antigens that produce inflammation, causing tissue damage
Describe Type 1: Immediate Hypersensitivity.
What is it ‘mediated with’?
- Mediated by IgE
- “Allergic reactions”
Describe Type 2: Antibody Mediated Hypersensitivity.
What is it ‘mediated with’?
- Mediated by IgM or IgG
- “Directed against blood cells”
Describe Type 3: Immune Complex Mediated Hypersensitivity.
What is it ‘mediated with’?
- Mediated by IgM and IgG
- “Vessel Lining Damage”
Describe Type 4: Delayed or Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity.
What is it ‘mediated with’?
- Mediated by T-Cells
- “Infiltration of the tissue”
