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Clin Med 1B > Infectious Disease: Bacterial Infection Treatments > Flashcards

Infectious Disease: Bacterial Infection Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

How would you treat a staphylococcus skin infection outpatient with low risk of MRSA?

A

Cephalexin, dicloxacillin

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2
Q

How would you treat a staphylococcus skin infection outpatient with a high risk of MRSA?

A

Clindamycin, tetracyclines (doxycycline, minocycline), or sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

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3
Q

How would you treat a staphylococcus skin infection inpatient?

A

Vancomycin

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4
Q

How would you treat an inpatient staphylococcal skin infection if allergy to vancomycin?

A

Clindamycin, cefazolin, Nafcillin or oxacillin, linezolid

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5
Q

How would you empirically treat staphylococcal osteomyelitis?

A

Vancomycin + 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin

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6
Q

How would you treat staphylococcal osteomyelitis with MSSA on culture?

A

Nafcillin, oxacillin, or cefazolin

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7
Q

How would you treat staphylococcal osteomyelitis with MRSA on culture?

A

Vancomycin IV

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8
Q

How would you treat toxic shock syndrome empirically?

A

Vancomycin plus clindamycin plus pip/taz or cefepime or carbapenem (meropenem, doripenem, imepenem)

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9
Q

How would you treat scalded skin syndrome with MSSA?

A

Supportive measures: fluid management, skin care, Nafcillin or oxacillin

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10
Q

How would you treat scalded skin syndrome with a high risk of MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

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11
Q

How would you treat staphylococcal food poisoning?

A

No treatment, self limiting and typically resolves within 12 hours

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12
Q

How would you treat a coagulase negative staphylococcal infection (s. Epidermidis, s. Saprophyticus, s. Lugdunensis)

A

Vancomycin and prosthetic device removal if infected

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13
Q

How would you treat strep pyogenes pharyngitis?

A

Benzathine PCN G, Penicillin VK or amoxicillin

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14
Q

How would you treat strep pyogenes pharyngitis with a allergy to penicillin?

A

Cephalosporin such as cephalexin

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15
Q

How would you treat scarlet fever?

A

Benzathine PCN G, penicillin VK or amoxicillin

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16
Q

How would you treat impetigo without suspected MRSA?

A

Topical mupirocin, cephalexin, dicloxacillin

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17
Q

How would you treat impetigo with suspected MRSA?

A

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, doxycycline, clindamycin

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18
Q

How would you treat outpatient erysipelas?

A

penicillin, amoxicillin

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19
Q

What are alternatives to penicillin, amoxicillin in treatment of outpatient erysipelas?

A

Dicloxacillin, cephalexin, clindamycin/erythromycin

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20
Q

How do you treat erysipelas inpatient?

A

Vancomycin if severe and s. Aureus suspected, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, clindamycin

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21
Q

How would you treat cellulitis outpatient?

A

Empiric treatment directed at both organisms depending on severity

Dicloxacillin, cephalexin, penicillin

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22
Q

How would you treat cellulitis with MRSA outpatient?

A

Clindamycin, doxycycline/minocycline, bactrim

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23
Q

How would you treat cellulitis inpatient?

A

Vancomycin

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24
Q

How do you treat other GABHS infections: necrotizing fasciitis, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, arthritis?

A

Penicillin or ampicillin and clindamycin

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25
Q

How do you treat strep agalactiae prophylactively?

A

PCN G or ampicillin, cefazolin

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26
Q

What is alternative treatment for strep agalactiae?

A

Clindamycin or vancomycin

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27
Q

How would you treat otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin

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28
Q

How would you treat otitis media if allergy to penicillin?

A

Omnicef (cefdinir)

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29
Q

If otitis media is still present after 2 weeks of treatment, how would you treat?

A

Augmentin or omnicef

30
Q

If otitis media is still not better after 4 weeks, how would you treat?

A

Referral to ENT and rocephin

31
Q

How would you treat acute sinusitis?

32
Q

What are alternatives to augmentin for treatment of acute sinusitis?

A

Doxycycline or clindamycin

33
Q

What are treatments for outpatient pneumococcal pneumoniae?

A

Amoxicillin, doxycycline, azithromycin (only in areas <25% resistance)

34
Q

How would you treat pneumococcal pneumoniae outpatient in patients who have COPD/comorbidities?

A

Levofloxacin, (amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin) or cephalosporin) + (zmax or doxycycline)

35
Q

How would you treat pneumococcal pneumoniae inpatient?

A

Levofloxacin or macrolide + beta-lactam

36
Q

How would you treat endocarditis?

A

Ampicillin + gentamicin

37
Q

How would you treat mild or complicated skin/wound/UTI infection due to enterococcus?

A

Ampicillin or vancomycin

38
Q

How would you treat complicated skin/wound/UTI infections due to enterococcus?

A

Ampicillin or vancomycin

39
Q

How would you treat vancomycin resistant skin/wound/UTI enterococcus infection?

A

Linezolid or Daptomycin

40
Q

How would you treat bacillus anthracis?

A

Ciprofloxacin for 7-10 days if cutaneous, up to 60 days if inhalation, multiple antibiotics can be used

41
Q

What can you use for bacillus anthracis instead of ciprofloxacin?

A

Doxycycline

42
Q

How can you treat bacillus cereus?

A

Supportive treatment: fluids and rest

43
Q

How would you treat listeriosis inpatient?

A

Ampicillin and gentamicin

44
Q

How would you treat listeriosis outpatient?

A

Amoxicillin

45
Q

How would you treat corynebacterium diphtheria?

A

Diphtheria equine antitoxin (obtained from CDC, for all suspected causes of diphtheria), PCN or erythromycin

46
Q

How would you treat contacts of patients with corynebacterium diphtheria?

A

Erythromycin

47
Q

How would you treat meningococcal meningitis?

A

PCN G (if susceptible to penicillin) or
Ceftriaxone for coverage of other agents

48
Q

How would you treat close contacts of a patient with meningococcal meningitis?

A

PCN G or ceftriaxone

49
Q

How would you treat a patient with OE/UTI/RESP infection due to pseudomonas outpatient?

A

Ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin (oral)
Tobramycin (inhaled)

50
Q

How would you treat a patient with OE/UTI/Resp infection due to pseudomonas inpatient?

A

Pip/taz, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, aztreonam

“You’re CCAMP(ing) indoors

51
Q

How would you treat whooping cough (bordetella pertussis)?

A

Supportive care, azithromycin

52
Q

How would you treat whooping cough if patient can’t take azithromycin?

53
Q

How would you treat haemophilus influenzae?

A

Empiric antibiotic treatment depending on area of infection

54
Q

How would you treat legionnaires?

A

Macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin), fluoroquinolone (levaquin) typically for 10-14 days/21 day course of therapy for immunocompromised patients

55
Q

How would you treat klebsiella (klebsiella pneumoniae)?

A

Susceptibility testing required due to resistance, empiric treatment with respiratory fluoroquinolone, carbapenem

56
Q

How would you treat traveler’s diarrhea (E Coli)?

A

Tends to resolve itself, but if does not improve: antimotility agents/antidiarrheals: loperamide, etc.
Bismuth subsalicylate

57
Q

How would you treat severe traveler’s diarrhea (E Coli)?

A

Antimotility agents/antidiarrheals, bismuth subsalicylate, antibiotics for severe symptoms: ciprofloxacin for 3-5 day course

58
Q

How would you treat campylobacter jejuni?

A

Ciprofloxacin empiric treatment, azithromycin

59
Q

How would you treat shigellosis?

A

Rehydration to treat hypotension in severe cases, ciprofloxacin (single dose), bactrim

60
Q

How would you treat cholera (vibrio cholerae)?

A

Tetracycline/doxycycline, bactrim, azithromycin, quinolones (cipro), susceptibility testing to decide

Note: this little girly is out drinking river water with cholera so you gotta tell her: get BACT over here!!! (B)actrim (A)zithromycin (C)ipromycin (T)etracyclines (doxycycline)”

61
Q

How would you treat non-cholerae vibrio infections?

A

Doxycycline or ciprofloxacin

62
Q

How would you treat typhoid fever (salmonella)?

A

Ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, azithromycin

63
Q

How would you treat enterocolitis?

A

Supportive care

64
Q

How would you treat complicated enterocolitis with severe illness?

A

Supportive care, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, bactrim

65
Q

How would you treat UTI/uncomplicated cystitis?

A

Bactrim, nitrofurantoin (furadentin, macrodantin, macrobid), fosfomycin, cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin

66
Q

Who could you not give bismuth subsalicylate for traveler’s diarrhea?

A

Children, pregnant women or ASA allergy

67
Q

Who would you not give nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated cystitis?

A

Last trimester of pregnancy

68
Q

How would you treat bubonic plague?

A

Streptomycin x 10 days or gentamicin x 10 days or doxycycline x 10 days or fluoroquinolone (cipro, levo, moxi), respiratory isolation

69
Q

How would you prophylactically treat someone exposed to bubonic plague?

A

Doxycycline and ciprofloxacin x 7 days

70
Q

How would you treat tularemia?

A

Streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, fluoroquinolones

71
Q

How would you treat a fever of unknown origin?

A

No empiric treatment, treatment towards etiology once determined, referral if etiology cannot be determined

72
Q

How would you treat sepsis?

A

Antibiotic therapy initiated within 1 hr of suspected diagnosis, multiple empiric antibiotics used, IV fluids, vasopressors, central lines, other means of organ perfusion

Clin Med 1B (5 decks)

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