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Emodules Y3 > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are some general symptoms of infectious disease?

A

Fever
Shivers
Cough
Rash
Diarrhoea
Urinary symptoms

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2
Q

Why might someone with a fever have a headache?

A

Pyrexia causes vasodilation, therefore causing a headache

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3
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis?

A

Headache

Fever

Photophobia

Neck stiffness

Non-blanching rash

Nausea and vomiting

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4
Q

What is the most common organism causing meningitis?

A

Neiserria meningitidis

Meningococcus

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5
Q

What is the difference in onset between viral and bacterial meningitis?

A

Bacterial meningitis has a rapid onset (few hours)

Viral meningitis has a gradual onset (few days), with a sore throat which progresses to a headache

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6
Q

What are the investigations for meningitis?

A

LP with CSF microscopy, MC + S (CT head if ICP is suspected

MC + S for septicemia

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7
Q

What drugs can be given to treat meningitis?

A

Community - Benzylpenicillin

Each hospital has its own guidelines but common ones include ceftriaxone, cefotaxmine

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8
Q

What are the important follow up questions if a patient says that they have diarrhoea?

A

Stool frequency

Consistency - Mucous, Blood

Floating?

Colour

Abdo pain

Vomiting

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9
Q

What are some clues that gastroenteritis may be caused by salmonella?

A

Lasts up to 8 hours

Vomiting and diarrhoea

Uncooked eggs

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10
Q

What are some clues that gastroenteritis may be caused by campylobacter?

A

Lasts up to 7 days

Crampy abdominal pain

Blood in stools

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11
Q

For which infection is night sweats a red flag?

A

TB

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12
Q

What are the different types of malaria?

A

Plasmodium flaciparum (most common)
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium malariae

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13
Q

How do you diagnose malaria?

A

History (fever every 2-3 days, travel)

Thick blood film

Malarial subtyping by thin blood film

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14
Q

What are some viral haemorrhagic fevers?

A

Ebola

Lassa

Marburg

Dengue

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15
Q

Where is dengue fever prevalent?

A

Africa

SE Asia

India

Central and South America

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16
Q

What are the characteristics for dengue fever?

A

Incubation 1-2 days

Headache, fever, rash

Can be haemorrhagic

17
Q

What are the features of a dengue rash?

A

Scarlatiniform

Maculopapular

Haemorrhagic

18
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of SARS?

A

Fever

Dry cough, Sore throat

Shortness of breath

Headache, body aches

Loss of appetite

Night sweats and chills

Confusion

Rash

Diarrhoea

19
Q

What can you catch from kittens?

A

Toxiplasmosis

20
Q

What can you catch from birds?

A

Psittacosis

Histoplasmosis

Bird fancier’s lung

Bird flu

21
Q

What can you catch from farm animals?

A

Campylobacter

E. Coli

22
Q

What can you get from unpasturised milk?

A

Brucellosis

23
Q

What is familial mediterranean fever?

A

Genetic condition characterised by fever, arthralgia, abdo pain.

If they have a familial history or past medical history, it might be this.

24
Q

What can smoking and alcohol make you more susceptible to?

A

Smoking - complications of chicken pox, chicken pox pneumonitis

Alcohol - depressed immune system, TB

25
Q

Why is important to get a detailed drug history?

A

Many medicines can cause fevers e.g. NSAIDs, antibiotics, herbs

26
Q

If someone has fever and relative bradycardia, what would you suspect?

A

Typhoid, brucellosis

27
Q

If temperature is up and down, what would you expect?

A

If it’s every 2-3 days, suspect malaria

28
Q

What kind of infections can cause a low-grade fever?

A

Gram negative infections

29
Q

Why is low blood pressure worrying?

A

Can be septic shock, septicaemia

30
Q

What can palpable lymph nodes in the neck be a sign of?

A

Tonsilitis

31
Q

What can generalised lymphadenopathy be a sign of?

A

HIV, glandular fever/CMV

32
Q

What can mumurs in febrile patients be a sign of?

A

Endocarditis

33
Q

What infectious diseases can cause splenomegaly?

A

Bacterial endocarditis

Infectious mononucleosis

HIV

Malaria

TB

Histiocytosis

34
Q

What kind of tests would you order for a patient with suspected infectious disease?

A

Urine dip

MSU

MC + S

U+Es

LFTs

FBC

CXR

35
Q

Apart from general tests (i.e. blood tests and cxr and urine), what more specific tests might you do?

A

LP

CT head

Throat swab

Stool specimen

HIV serum antibody

USS

36
Q

What is PUO or FUO?

A

Pyrexia/Fever of unknown origin

Fever more than 3 weeks

More than 38.3C on multiple occasions

No diagnosis after 1 week as an inpatient

37
Q

What are some common causes of PUO?

A

Lymphoma

Vasculitis

Sarcoidosis

38
Q

What is important to remember when doing an MC+S?

A

Take one aerobic bottle and one anaerobic bottle

Take before starting antibiotics

Emodules Y3 (8 decks)

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