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Peds EOR > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

IgM

A

First immunoglobulin to appear in the blood after initial exposure to an antigen (primary antibody response)

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2
Q

IgA

A

Secretory antibody response

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3
Q

IgG

A

Major antibody to protein antigens

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4
Q

What antibodies are transferred from mother to baby?

And how long will they protect baby?

A

IgG can be transferred across placenta and will protect from birth to 6 mo

IgA transferred via breast milk

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5
Q

Type I hyper sensitivity rxn

A

IgE, mast cells, hay fever and anaphylaxis

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6
Q

Type II hyper sensitivity rxn

A

IgM, IgG, cytotoxic, goodpastures Syndrome

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7
Q

Type III hyper sensitivity rxn

A

IgM, IgG, AG-AB complex, serum sickness

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8
Q

Type IV hyper sensitivity rxn

A

T cell infiltrate, Posion ivy dermatitis, PPD positivity

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9
Q

Epi pen jr

A

33 to 66 lbs

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10
Q

Urticaria rash

A

Migratory, waxing and waning, IgE mediated

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11
Q

Serum sickness

A

Type III hypersensitivity rxn does not require prior sensitization

Onset 1-3 wks after initial exposure, fever, lymphadenopathy, rash

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12
Q

Food allergy

A

IgE mediated

Start within minutes

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13
Q

What is the MC cause of neonatal bacteremia and sepsis?

A

Group B strep

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14
Q

Define occult bacteremia

A

Fever without obvious source of infection in a well appearing child with a positive blood culture for bacterial pathogen

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15
Q

MC etiology of occult bacteremia in neonates?

In children?

A

Neonates- GBS

Children- strep pneumo

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16
Q

SE of rifabutin

A

can color body secretions like urine, sweat and tears bright orange

can also dec serum levels of clarithromycin and will be less effective if used with fluconazole

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17
Q

Atypical Mycobacterial Infections tx and pphx

A

Two drug regimen

Either clarithrymycin OR azithromycin

PLUS ethambutol, rifabutin, rifampin, ciprofloxacin OR amikacin

Pphx for CD4 <50: Azithromycin qweek

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18
Q

Tx for mumps

A

MMR vaccine, supportive tx

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19
Q

Mumps presentation

A

Rare viral prodrome

Swelling and tenderness in one or both parotid glands, difficulty opening mouth

20
Q

Mumps etiology

A

Paramyxovirua (RNA virus)

Spread via respiratory secretions w/ incubation period of 14-24 days

21
Q

Measles (rubeola) presentation

A

High fever, conjunctivitis with yellow exudate, croup like cough, stuffy/runny nose

Maculopapular rash that starts on face and spreads to trunk, Koplik’s spots

22
Q

Measles (rubeola) tx

A

Supportive + vitamin A

Live attenuated vaccine given at 12-15 mo with booster at 4-6 yrs

23
Q

Flu tx

A

Symptomatic tx- fluids, rest acetaminophen or ibuprofen

At rist pts: Type A >1 amantadine, >12 rimantadine
Type A and B >18 peramivir, >7 zanamivir, >2 ws oseltamivir

If pregnant→ 5 day course of aniviral tx (oseltamivir)

IM Vaccine for all childrren >6 mo

24
Q

HSV cutaneous vs encephalitic vs disseminated

A

Cutaneous- involves skin, mouth and eyes w/ vesicular eruptions around 7-10 days of life usually on presenting part

Encephalitic- occurs at 3rd wk of life presents with lethargy, irritability, poor suck and seizures

Disseminated- sepsis like clinical picture (apnea, irritability, hypotonia, hypotension)

25
Q

Tx for occult bacteremia by age:
<60 days
61-90 days
3-36 mo

A

<60 days- hospitalize and abx, ampicillin and gentamicin for newborns, ampicillin + cefotaxime 2nd mo of life

61-90 days- output web or w/o 1 dose of ceftriaxone

3-36 mo- ceftriaxone optional if Non-septic, if fever > 102 get blood and urine cx

26
Q

What is a good first line tx for UTI in pediatrics?

A

Cephalosporins

27
Q

Erythema infectioum presentation

A

fifth disease

1 wk of low grade fever, HA, malaise, myalgia and mild URI sx

“Slapped cheeks”

Lacy maculopapular rash spreads to trunk and extremities

28
Q

Erythema infectiosum tx

A

Supportive (antipyretics, ↑ fluid intake)

IVIG if immunocomp

29
Q

Pertussis presentation

A

Cough on expiration and whoop on inspiration

Post-tussive emesis

Catarrhal: congestion, rhinorrhea, mild persistent cough

Paroxysmal: cough and posttussive emesis

Convalescent: plateaus

Duration: 6 wks

30
Q

Pertussis tx

A

Abx do not help in paroxysmal stage which is toxin mediated

Macrolide abx for pt and household contacts

Isolation until 5 days of therapy

DTap

31
Q

Roseola presentation

A

High fever (may be >104) for 3-5 days followed by a maculopapular rash that spreads to neck, face and proximal extremities

Mild URI sx

32
Q

Roseola tx

A

Supportive (antipyretics, ↑ fluid intake, rest)

33
Q

Rubella presentation

A

Mild fever prodrome for 1-2 days

Rash begins on face and spreads quickly to trunk (shower distribution)

Clears on face as it spreads to trunk

Conjunctivitis
Polyarthritis in adolescent females

34
Q

Rubella tx

A

Supportive (usually lasts 3 days)

35
Q

Varicella presentation

A

May have prodrome of fever w/ URI sx ro malaize, anorexia, HA and abd pain 24-48 hrs beforerash

Dew drops on rose petal (vesicles on erythematous base)

Rash initially on face and spreads to trunk and extremities sparing palms and soles

36
Q

Tx for pinworms

A

Albendazole wih repetition in 2 wks

37
Q

otitis media tx

A

1st line: amoxicillin

Antipyretics: ibuprofen/acetaminophen

Benzocaine drops for anesthetic

38
Q

Otitis externa tx

A

Topical abx and steroids to ↓ edema (cortisporin suspension)

Neo/poly/HC only if TM intact

FQ (use a wick if canal is swollen)

39
Q

Epiglotitis tx

A

True medical emergency

Secure airway

Ceftriazone (100 mg/kg/day) x 7-10 days

Rfampin pphx for close contacts

40
Q

HFM etiology

A

coxsackie virus

41
Q

Mumps etiology

A

Paramyxovirua (RNA virus)

42
Q

Measles etiology

A

Paramyoxvirus (RNA virus)

43
Q

Erythema Infectiosum

(Fifth disease) etiolog

A

Parovirus B19

44
Q

Pertussis etiology

A

Bordetella pertussis (gram-neg coccobacilli)

45
Q

Roseola etiology

A

HHV 6 and 7

46
Q

Rubella etiology

A

Togavirus (RNA virus)

Peds EOR (14 decks)

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