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Step 3 > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

CSF findings of normal fluid

A

White blood cell count is 0 to 5

Glucose 40 to 70

Protein less than 40

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2
Q

CSF findings in bacterial meningitis

A

White blood cell count greater than 1000

Glucose less than 40

Protein greater than 250

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3
Q

CSF findings in tuberculosis meningitis

A

White blood cell count 5 to 1000

Glucose less than 10

protein greater than 250

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4
Q

CSF findings in viral meningitis

A

White blood cell count 100 to 1000

Glucose 40 to 70

Protein less than 100

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5
Q

Diagnosis of active tuberculosis

A

First get a chest x-ray

Followed by sputum microscopy and sputum culture

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6
Q

Patients consider noninfectious for tuberculosis

A

Three negative smears for acid-fast bacilli

Will need to receive empiric antibiotics while awaiting sputum culture

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7
Q

Cellulitis versus erysipelas

A

Cellulitis has an infection involving the deep dermis and superficial fat

Erysipelas involves the superficial dermis and lymphatics

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8
Q

Cellulitis and local anesthetics

A

Don’t work because local anesthetics are basic and are neutralized by the acidic environment of cellulitis

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9
Q

Management of staff exposed to tuberculosis

A

PPD

If negative repeat PPD in three months

If positive get a chest x-ray

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10
Q

Two types of neonatal chlamydia infection’s

A

Conjunctivitis

Pneumonia

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11
Q

Neonatal chlamydial infection mode of transmission

A

Direct vaginal contact during delivery

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12
Q

Neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis age of onset

A

5 to 14 days

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13
Q

Treatment of neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

Erythromycin

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14
Q

Neonatal chlamydial pneumonia age of onset

A

4 to 12 weeks

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15
Q

Neonatal chlamydial pneumonia presentation

A

Staccato cough

Rales

Hyperinflation on chest x-ray

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16
Q

Treatment of neonatal chlamydial pneumonia

A

Erythromycin

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17
Q

Treatment of gonococcal urethritis

A

Ceftriaxone for gonorrhea

Oral doxycycline 100 mg for seven days or azithromycin 1 gram as a single dose

18
Q

Treatment of tuberculous meningitis without hydrocephalus

A

Tuberculosis medications plus dexamethasone

Some expert use prednisones instead of dexamethasone

19
Q

Treatment of tuberculous meningitis with hydrocephalus

A

Tuberculosis medications plus steroids

Diuretics such as acetazolamide and furosemide can be used

VP shunt can be used

Serial lumbar punctures can be done leading up to VP shunt

20
Q

Clinical presentation of CNS toxoplasmosis

A

New headaches, focal neurologic deficit’s, fever, seizures

21
Q

MRI findings and toxoplasmosis

A

Multiple ring enhancing lesions

22
Q

Anti-bodies in CNS toxoplasmosis and AIDS

A

Positive for IgG negative for IGM

This is because it results from reactivation of earlier infection

23
Q

MRI findings and primary CNS lymphoma in patients with aids

A

Typically a single large lesion

24
Q

Primary CNS lymphoma associated virus

A

EBV

Diagnosis made with PCR of CSF for EBV

25
Q

Vancomycin and MIC

A

MIC should be less than two

If it is greater than two, should switch to another anabiotic

If it is less than two, vancomycin trough 15 to 20 is the goal

26
Q

Tuberculosis 4 drug therapy

A

Isoniazid

Rifampin

Pyraxinamide

Ethambutol

27
Q

Tests to perform in patients receiving tuberculosis therapy

A

Liver function test

Renal test

Color vision test

28
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever presentation

A

Tick bite

Fever, petechial rash, lymphocytic meningitis

29
Q

Rash of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Early on it is localized to the wrists and ankles

It spreads to involve the trunk that usually not the face

Involvement of the palms and soles is characteristic

30
Q

What is immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

A

When patients are treated with anti-retroviral therapy and HIV patients and can lead to the unmasking of infection

Example would include DMAC

31
Q

How does DMAC present

A

Fever, chills, sweats, fatigue, weight loss

32
Q

CD4 count in patients with DMAC

A

Less than 50

33
Q

Exam and lab findings in DMAC

A

Lymphadenopathy

Hepatosplenomegaly

Anemia

Elevated alkaline phosphatase

34
Q

Treatment of DMAC

A

Clarithromycin and ethambutol with continued antiretrovirals therapy

35
Q

CMV organ involvement in patients with HIV

A

Typically is focal rather than disseminated

Esophagitis

Colitis

Retinitis

36
Q

Treatment of coccidial meningitis

A

Fluconazole

Amphotericin B for patients who do not respond to fluconazole

37
Q

Patients with syphilis who should undergo lumbar puncture

A

Those who have had syphilis for an unknown duration and an abnormal neurological exam

38
Q

First-line treatment for latent tuberculosis

A

Isoniazid for nine months

39
Q

Second line treatment for latent tuberculosis

A

Rifampin for six months and adults and four months and children

40
Q

Most common cause of viral meningitis in children

A

Enterovirus and arbovirus

41
Q

Most common cause of viral meningitis and adults

A

Herpes simplex virus

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