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MHU > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Which antibiotic is associated with ‘red man syndrome’?

A

Vancomycin (glycopeptides)

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2
Q

In a patient with a penicillin allergy, which other antibiotics should be used cautiously?

A

Cephalosporins and carbapenams (cross-reactivity)

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3
Q

Which antibiotics are most associated with the development of pseudomembranous collitis?

A

Cephalosporins + amoxicillin

clostridium difficile GI infection

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4
Q

What is the characteristic rash of amoxycillin/ampicillin?

A

Widespread erythematous maculopapular rash, often arising after 7 days of treatment and resolving within a week of ceasing treatment

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5
Q

What is the empiric antibiotic therapy for an uncomplicated UTI in females?

A

Trimethoprim

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6
Q

What are the most common organisms implicated in UTI?

A 
K - Klebsiella pneumoniae
E - E. Coli
E - Enterococcus faecalis / Enterobacter
P - Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Proteus
S - Staph Aureus
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7
Q

What is augmentin?

A

Brand name for amoxycillin with clavulonic acid

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8
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

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9
Q

Which antibiotic is generally given for gram positive bacteria (e.g. strep pneumoniae)?

A

Amoxicillin or ampicillin

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10
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat clostridium difficile infection?

A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

What organisms are commonly associated with traveller’s diarrhoea and which antibiotic is given empirically?

A

E. coli + campylobacter jejuni (Asia)

Treat with norfloxacin

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12
Q

What is the empiric treatment for bacterial meningitis?

A

Cephtriazone

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13
Q

What are the major side effects of gentamycin?

A

Ototoxicity (reversible in 50%)

Nephrotoxicity (usually reversible)

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14
Q

Which bacteria cause atypical pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella
Chlamidophila pneumoniae

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15
Q

What is the empirical antibiotic therapy for treating CAP in the outpatient setting?

A

RAH: amoxicillin (typical cover) + doxycycline (atypical cover)

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16
Q

What is the empirical antibiotic therapy for treating CAP in the inpatient setting?

A

RAH: amoxicillin + clavulonic acid (augmentin)

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17
Q

What are the most common organisms implicated in CAP?

A
  1. Strep pneumoniae
  2. Haemophilus influenzae B
  3. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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18
Q

What is the empirical antibiotic treatment for aspiration pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin + clavulonic acid (Augmentin)

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19
Q

Which bacteria is the most common cause of post-influenza bacteral pneumonia?

A

Staph aureus

20
Q

What is the likely cause of CAP in a patient with bronchiectasis?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

21
Q

What is the likely cause of CAP on a background of alcohol abuse, diabetes and COPD?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

22
Q

What is the likely cause of CAP in an elderly patient with underlying respiratory disease?

A

Haemophilus influenzae B

23
Q

Which patients are at a particularly high risk of developing bacterial pneumonia caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Patients with cystic fibrosis

24
Q

What is the empirical antibiotic therapy for the treatment of an uncomplicated UTI in a male?

A

Amoxicillin + clavulonic acid (augmentin)

25
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial tonsillitis?

A

Group A Beta-Haemolytic Streptococcus = Streptococcus Pyogenes (penicillin)

26
Q

Which types of bacteria are most likely to induce a massive inflammatory response, leading to pus formation?

A 
Encapsulated Bacteria (e.g. staph, strep)
Capsule contains lectin which activates compliment and recruits neutrophils (content of pus)
27
Q

List 5 complications of Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis.

A

Non-suppurative: acute rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, PANDAS
Suppurative: peritonsillar abscess, sinusitis, otitis media, mastoiditis, meningitis, brain abscess

28
Q

List 5 complications of Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis.

A

Non-suppurative: acute rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, PANDAS
Suppurative: peritonsillar abscess, sinusitis, otitis media, mastoiditis, meningitis, brain abscess

29
Q

Which 4 drugs are first-line therapy for the treatment of confirmed mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol (or streptomycin)

30
Q

Which investigations are useful for diagnosing acute rheumatic fever?

A

ESR, CRP
Throat swab & blood culture for GABHS
Anti-DNAse B and Anti-streptolysin O
ECHO

31
Q

Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat streptococcal infections?

A

Penicillin

32
Q

Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat e. coli infections?

A

Gentamicin

33
Q

Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat anaerobic infections?

A

Metronidazole

34
Q

Give one example of an anaerobic bacteria.

A

Bacteroides

35
Q

Give 5 complications of shingles.

A
  1. Post-herpetic neuralgia (trigeminal nerve)
  2. Ramsay Hunt syndrome (facial nerve)
  3. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
  4. Acute retinal necrosis
  5. Bacterial skin infection
36
Q

What medication may be given to treat shingles?

A

Acyclovir

37
Q

How does neisseria meningiditis appear on microscopy and gram stain?

A

Gram negative diplococcus (pink)

38
Q

How does staph aureus appear on microscopy and gram stain?

A

Gram positive cocci in clusters (purple)

39
Q

How does strep pneumoniae appear on microscopy and gram stain?

A

Gram positive cocci (purple)

40
Q

How does haemophilus influenzae appear on microscopy and gram stain?

A

Gram negative coccobacilli (pink)

41
Q

How does e. coli appear on microscopy and gram stain?

A

Gram negative rods (pink)

42
Q

What does a positive test for HBsAg indicate?

A

Current HBV infection

43
Q

What does a positive test for HBsAb indicate?

A

Immunity to HBV (from vaccination or previous infection)

44
Q

What does a positive test for HBcAb indicate?

A

Current or recent infection (no immunity)

45
Q

What does a positive test for HBeAg indicate?

A

Chronic HBV infection

MHU (14 decks)

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